School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2023 Nov;57(22):1450-1456. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107189. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
Motherhood within sport has become more common with many female athletes seeking to return-to-sport (RTS) postpartum; yet few sport organisations possess policies that support female athletes to RTS postpartum. Our aim was to synthesise existing literature to identify the barriers and enablers that influence female athlete RTS postpartum to help guide the development of evidence-based policies to support postpartum athlete RTS.
Scoping review.
Ovid-Medline, Embase, SportDiscus and Scopus were systematically searched. Reference lists of eligible studies were also searched to identify additional studies of relevance.
Original, empirical, peer-reviewed, English-language studies reporting on female athletes and their RTS postpartum. Reviews, book chapters and grey literature were excluded.
Twenty-two studies were included in this review. Identified barriers and enablers reflected 11 categories which occurred within and/or across three domains of the socioecological model. Five key factors were found to significantly influence female athlete RTS postpartum including (1) postpartum recovery time; (2) time to manage motherhood and sport demands; (3) sport organisation policies; (4) stereotypes; and (5) social support.
Various barriers and enablers exist that influence successful RTS postpartum. These factors present opportunities for clinicians and sport organisations to improve their support of postpartum athletes. Paid maternity leave, offering job security, travel support for carer and child and affordable and accessible childcare are critical policy inclusions to appropriately support female athletes in their RTS postpartum.
随着越来越多的女性运动员希望产后重返运动（RTS），体育运动中的母性变得更加普遍；然而，很少有体育组织拥有支持女性运动员产后 RTS 的政策。我们的目的是综合现有文献，确定影响女性运动员产后 RTS 的障碍和促进因素，以帮助指导制定支持产后运动员 RTS 的循证政策的发展。
范围综述。
系统检索了 Ovid-Medline、Embase、SportDiscus 和 Scopus。还检索了合格研究的参考文献列表，以确定其他相关研究。
原始的、经验的、同行评议的、以英语发表的报告女性运动员及其产后 RTS 的研究。综述、书籍章节和灰色文献被排除在外。
本综述共纳入 22 项研究。确定的障碍和促进因素反映了社会生态模型内和/或跨三个领域发生的 11 个类别。发现五个关键因素对女性运动员产后 RTS 有重大影响，包括（1）产后恢复时间；（2）管理母性和运动需求的时间；（3）体育组织政策；（4）刻板印象；（5）社会支持。
存在各种影响产后成功 RTS 的障碍和促进因素。这些因素为临床医生和体育组织提供了机会，以改善他们对产后运动员的支持。带薪产假、提供工作保障、为照顾者和孩子提供旅行支持以及负担得起和可及的儿童保育是支持女性运动员产后 RTS 的关键政策。
