Davenport Margie H, Bains Gyanjot, Hayman Melanie, Cai Chenxi, Mkumbuzi Nonhlanhla S, McHugh Tara-Leigh
Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberrta, Canada
Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberrta, Canada.
Br J Sports Med. 2025 Apr 1. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109135.
The aim was to synthesise international-level sport policies for pregnant, postpartum or parenting high-performance athletes in order to understand what policies currently exist and to identify policy gaps to be addressed.
Scoping review.
Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov) and Google up to 14 June 2024. Additionally, a targeted search of existing policies was conducted via the websites of International Federations (IFs) and continental sporting organisations (CSOs) in September 2023.
We included policies from IFs recognised by the International Olympic Committee, and CSOs associated with the IFs that specifically address pregnant, postpartum or parenting athletes. Policies were a written principle of action adopted by the IFs/CSOs that provided any form of support during pregnancy, post partum or for parents.
A total of 219 organisations (49 IFs; 170 CSOs) were identified and contacted, with 47/49 (96%) IFs and 15/170 (9%) CSOs responding. Sport policies related to pregnancy, postpartum or parenting athletes were identified from 20 IFs including (1) guidance on training/competition during and following pregnancy; (2) eligibility affected or training not advised; (3) protection from dismissal; (4) special rank, points or quota protection; (5) protections apply to adoption, surrogacy, miscarriage, stillbirth, egg freezing and/or fertility treatment; (6) duration of leave and if leave is paid and (7) breastfeeding support/space. No policies identified specific provisions for childcare support/space.
Less than half of all IFs have developed sport policies to support pregnant, postpartum and parenting athletes. Of the policies that do exist, most are limited in the extent to which they address the broad range of biopsychosocial supports that are necessary for facilitating optimal performance, enhancing long-term athlete health and addressing gender inequities that are deeply entrenched across all levels of sport. This review provides a critical piece of evidence needed to inform future policy development.
旨在综合制定针对怀孕、产后或育儿期的高水平运动员的国际级体育政策，以了解当前存在哪些政策，并找出有待解决的政策差距。
范围综述。
截至2024年6月14日的在线数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、SPORTDiscuss、循证医学综述（Ovid）、Scopus、科学引文索引和临床试验.gov）以及谷歌。此外，2023年9月通过国际单项体育联合会（IFs）和洲际体育组织（CSOs）的网站对现有政策进行了有针对性的搜索。
我们纳入了国际奥委会认可的IFs以及与IFs相关的CSOs制定的专门针对怀孕、产后或育儿期运动员的政策。政策是IFs/CSOs采取的书面行动原则，在怀孕、产后或为父母提供任何形式的支持。
共识别并联系了219个组织（49个IFs；170个CSOs），49个IFs中有47个（96%）、170个CSOs中有15个（9%）做出了回应。从20个IFs中确定了与怀孕、产后或育儿期运动员相关的体育政策，包括：（1）怀孕及产后训练/比赛指导；（2）资格受影响或不建议训练；（3）免遭解雇保护；（4）特殊排名、积分或配额保护；（5）保护适用于收养、代孕、流产、死产、卵子冷冻和/或生育治疗；（6）休假时长以及是否带薪休假；（7）母乳喂养支持/空间。未发现有政策针对儿童保育支持/空间做出具体规定。
所有IFs中不到一半制定了支持怀孕、产后和育儿期运动员的体育政策。在已有的政策中，大多数在解决促进最佳表现、增强运动员长期健康以及解决体育各级普遍存在的性别不平等所需的广泛生物心理社会支持方面存在局限性。本综述为未来政策制定提供了关键的证据。
