American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 27;13(1):16211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43450-x.
A study was conducted with 48 multiparous and 31 primiparous Alpine goats to determine the effects of different nutritional planes during gestation and lactation on feed intake, body weight, body condition score and mass index, blood constituent concentrations, and milk yield and composition. Two gestation supplement treatments (GS; Moderate versus High) were imposed for approximately 5.5 months and two lactation diets (LD; Moderate vs. High) within each GS were fed for 16 wk. The Moderate GS (14.2% crude protein; CP) was given at 1.125% body weight (BW; dry matter basis) and the High GS (16.2% CP) was consumed ad libitum, with alfalfa hay available free-choice to all animals. Moderate and High LD contained 16.0 and 16.9% CP and 34.7 and 30.4% neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Body weight (77.5 vs. 72.0 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 3.22 vs. 3.04) at 11 days before kidding were greater (P < 0.05) for High versus Moderate GS, but BW at kidding (62.6 and 64.9 kg; SEM = 1.32) and 3 days later (60.9 and 63.6 kg for Moderate and High GS, respectively; SEM = 1.32) was similar. Litter size (1.9 and 2.4; SEM = 0.59), kid birth weight (3.72 and 3.59 kg; SEM = 0.097), and litter weight (6.55 and 7.13 kg for Moderate and High GS, respectively; SEM = 0.316) were similar between GS diets. However, kid birth weight (3.44 and 3.87 kg; SEM = 0.096) and litter weight (6.23 and 7.46 kg; SEM = 0.364) were greater (P < 0.05) for multiparous versus primiparous goats. Dry matter intake during lactation was greater for Moderate than for High GS (P ≤ 0.051) in kg/day, % BW, and g/kg BW. However, milk fat (3.81, 4.14, 3.85, and 3.77%; SEM = 0.132) and protein concentrations (2.49, 2.50, 2.47, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.047), and raw (2.22, 2.59, 2.39, and 2.45 kg; SEM = 0.173) and energy yields of milk (6.02, 7.42, 6.51, and 6.63 MJ/day for Moderate GS-Moderate LD, Moderate GS-High LD, High GS-Moderate LD, and High GS-High LD, respectively; SEM = 0.453) were not affected by GS, LD, or their interaction. Dry matter intake, milk and its component yields, and heat energy (MJ/day) were higher (P < 0.05) for does than for doelings, but BCS and milk protein and fat concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) for does. Blood nonesterified fatty acid concentration was not affected by any diets, but there was interaction (P < 0.05) between GS and LD for betahydroxybutyric acid concentration. In conclusion, minor to moderate magnitudes of difference in nutritional planes during gestation and lactation had little effect on reproductive and lactation performance, reflecting the considerable capacity of lactating dairy goats for compensatory changes such as feed intake and tissue mobilization and accretion.
本研究旨在确定妊娠和哺乳期不同营养水平对饲料摄入、体重、体况评分和质量指数、血液成分浓度以及产奶量和成分的影响。对 48 只经产和 31 只初产高山山羊进行了两种妊娠补充处理（GS；适度与高），大约 5.5 个月，两种哺乳期饮食（LD；适度与高）在每个 GS 中喂养 16 周。适度 GS（粗蛋白 14.2%；CP）以 1.125%体重（干物质基础）给予，高 GS（16.2% CP）自由采食，所有动物均可自由采食苜蓿干草。适度和高 LD 分别含有 16.0%和 16.9% CP 和 34.7%和 30.4%中性洗涤剂纤维。在产羔前 11 天，高 GS 的体重（77.5 比 72.0 公斤）和体况评分（3.22 比 3.04）更高（P<0.05），但产羔时的体重（62.6 和 64.9 公斤；SEM=1.32）和 3 天后（60.9 和 63.6 公斤分别为适度和高 GS；SEM=1.32）相似。胎仔数（1.9 和 2.4；SEM=0.59）、羔羊初生重（3.72 和 3.59 公斤；SEM=0.097）和胎仔重（6.55 和 7.13 公斤分别为适度和高 GS；SEM=0.316）在 GS 饮食之间相似。然而，初产羔羊的初生重（3.44 和 3.87 公斤；SEM=0.096）和胎仔重（6.23 和 7.46 公斤；SEM=0.364）更高（P<0.05）。哺乳期干物质摄入量以适度 GS 大于高 GS（P≤0.051），以 kg/天、%BW 和 g/kg BW 表示。然而，乳脂（3.81、4.14、3.85 和 3.77%；SEM=0.132）和蛋白质浓度（2.49、2.50、2.47 和 2.49%；SEM=0.047）以及生奶（2.22、2.59、2.39 和 2.45 公斤；SEM=0.173）和奶的能量产量（6.02、7.42、6.51 和 6.63 MJ/天，分别为适度 GS-适度 LD、适度 GS-高 LD、高 GS-适度 LD 和高 GS-高 LD；SEM=0.453）不受 GS、LD 或其相互作用的影响。干物质摄入量、奶及其成分产量和热能（MJ/天）在母羊中更高（P<0.05），但母羊的体况评分和奶蛋白和脂肪浓度更低（P<0.05）。非酯化脂肪酸浓度不受任何饮食的影响，但 GS 和 LD 之间存在交互作用（P<0.05），β-羟丁酸浓度存在交互作用。总之，妊娠和哺乳期营养水平的轻微到中度差异对繁殖和哺乳性能的影响很小，这反映了泌乳山羊在饲料摄入、组织动员和积累等方面具有相当大的补偿变化能力。
