Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Cells. 2023 Sep 6;12(18):2224. doi: 10.3390/cells12182224.
Proper nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding are crucial for the development of offspring. Kynurenine (KYN) is the central metabolite of the kynurenine pathway and a direct precursor of other metabolites that possess immunoprotective or neuroactive properties, with the ultimate effect on fetal neurodevelopment. To date, no studies have evaluated the effects of KYN on early embryonic development. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine the effect of incubation of larvae with KYN in different developmental periods on the behavior of 5-day-old zebrafish. Additionally, the effects exerted by KYN administered on embryonic days 1-7 (ED 1-7) on the behavior of adult offspring of rats were elucidated. Our study revealed that the incubation with KYN induced changes in zebrafish behavior, especially when zebrafish embryos or larvae were incubated with KYN from 1 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf) and from 49 to 72 hpf. KYN administered early during pregnancy induced subtle differences in the neurobehavioral development of adult offspring. Further research is required to understand the mechanism of these changes. The larval zebrafish model can be useful for studying disturbances in early brain development processes and their late behavioral consequences. The zebrafish-medium system may be applicable in monitoring drug metabolism in zebrafish.
在妊娠和哺乳期进行适当的营养和补充对于后代的发育至关重要。犬尿氨酸（KYN）是犬尿氨酸途径的中心代谢物，也是具有免疫保护或神经活性特性的其他代谢物的直接前体，最终影响胎儿的神经发育。迄今为止，尚无研究评估 KYN 对早期胚胎发育的影响。因此，我们的研究旨在确定在不同发育阶段将幼虫与 KYN 孵育对 5 日龄斑马鱼行为的影响。此外，还阐明了在胚胎期 1-7 天（ED 1-7）给予 KYN 对大鼠成年后代行为的影响。我们的研究表明，KYN 孵育会引起斑马鱼行为的变化，尤其是当斑马鱼胚胎或幼虫在受精后 1 至 72 小时（hpf）和 49 至 72 hpf 期间与 KYN 孵育时。在妊娠早期给予 KYN 会导致成年后代的神经行为发育出现细微差异。需要进一步研究来了解这些变化的机制。幼鱼斑马鱼模型可用于研究早期大脑发育过程中的干扰及其后期行为后果。斑马鱼-培养基系统可能适用于监测斑马鱼中的药物代谢。
