Schelz Zsuzsanna, Muddather Hiba F, Zupkó István
Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Sep 20;12(9):1468. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091468.
Efflux pump (EP)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) seems ubiquitous in bacterial infections and neoplastic diseases. The diversity and lack of specificity of these efflux mechanisms raise a great obstacle in developing drugs that modulate efflux pumps. Since developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs requires large investments, drug repurposing offers a new approach that can provide alternatives as adjuvants in treating resistant microbial infections and progressive cancerous diseases. Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are promising agents in this respect. Originally, statins were used in the therapy of dyslipidemia and for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases; however, extensive research has recently been performed to elucidate the functions of statins in bacterial infections and cancers. The mevalonate pathway is essential in the posttranslational modification of proteins related to vital eukaryotic cell functions. In this article, a comparative review is given about the possible role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in managing diseases of bacterial and neoplastic origin. Molecular research and clinical studies have proven the justification of statins in this field. Further well-designed clinical trials are urged to clarify the significance of the contribution of statins to the lower risk of disease progression in bacterial infections and cancerous diseases.
外排泵（EP）介导的多药耐药性（MDR）在细菌感染和肿瘤疾病中似乎普遍存在。这些外排机制的多样性和缺乏特异性在开发调节外排泵的药物方面构成了巨大障碍。由于开发新型化疗药物需要大量投资，药物再利用提供了一种新方法，可作为辅助药物用于治疗耐药性微生物感染和进展性癌症疾病。羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A（HMG-CoA）还原酶抑制剂，也称为他汀类药物，在这方面是有前景的药物。最初，他汀类药物用于治疗血脂异常和预防心血管疾病；然而，最近已经进行了广泛的研究以阐明他汀类药物在细菌感染和癌症中的作用。甲羟戊酸途径在与重要真核细胞功能相关的蛋白质的翻译后修饰中至关重要。本文对HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂在治疗细菌和肿瘤源性疾病中的可能作用进行了比较综述。分子研究和临床研究已经证明了他汀类药物在该领域的合理性。迫切需要进一步设计良好的临床试验，以阐明他汀类药物对降低细菌感染和癌症疾病中疾病进展风险的贡献的意义。
