Liu Meng, Wang Yanli, Zhu Laijing, Zhao Xiangzhong
School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
Foods. 2023 Sep 15;12(18):3435. doi: 10.3390/foods12183435.
Due to the increase in population and the deficiency of land resources, the cost of raising livestock is gradually increasing. Plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) are considered excellent substitutes for animal meat. Our research investigated the effect of (HP) on gluten-based soybean and wheat PBMA with contents of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. Compared with the control group, HP significantly improved the color of the extrudates, showed visual characteristics similar to red meat, and achieved a soft texture and apparent rheological properties. The 7% HP had negative effects on the organizational degree and viscosity. In addition, the E-nose indicated that the different contents of HP changed the flavor of the extrudates. The extrudates with 3% and 5% HP were most similar to each other among all of the extrudates for volatile compounds, and the extrudates with 1% HP and 7% HP had significantly different flavors compared to the control group. Furthermore, 20 different volatile compounds were compared according to their retention indices and retention areas. The results showed that the proportions of alcohol, ester, terpenes, acid, and furan were increased. When the threshold was referenced, HP was considered to provide PBMAs with grassy and healing grain flavor properties. Therefore, the results proved that the addition of HP can improve PBMAs sensory properties.
由于人口增长和土地资源短缺,畜牧成本逐渐上升。植物性肉类替代品(PBMAs)被认为是动物肉的优质替代品。我们的研究调查了1%、3%、5%和7%含量的高压处理(HP)对基于面筋的大豆和小麦PBMAs的影响。与对照组相比,HP显著改善了挤出物的颜色,呈现出与红肉相似的视觉特征,并实现了柔软的质地和明显的流变学特性。7%的HP对组织程度和粘度有负面影响。此外,电子鼻表明不同含量的HP改变了挤出物的风味。在所有挤出物中,3%和5%HP的挤出物在挥发性化合物方面彼此最为相似,1%HP和7%HP的挤出物与对照组相比风味有显著差异。此外,根据保留指数和保留面积比较了20种不同的挥发性化合物。结果表明,醇、酯、萜烯、酸和呋喃的比例增加。参照阈值时,HP被认为赋予PBMAs青草和谷物的风味特性。因此,结果证明添加HP可以改善PBMAs的感官特性。