After three years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the demand for developing field-deployable point-of-care (PoC) molecular diagnostic tests has increased. Although RT-qPCR is the molecular diagnostic gold standard and is accurate, it is not readily applied to point-of-care testing (POCT). Meanwhile, rapid diagnostic kits have the disadvantage of low sensitivity. Recently, rapid isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology has emerged as an alternative for rapid diagnosis. Here, we developed a rapid SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-lateral flow assay (LFA) kit. This kit includes a Chelex-100/boiling nucleic acid extraction device and a one-step amplification detection apparatus capable of performing the entire process, from RNA extraction to detection, and diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection within 40 min without contamination. The detection limits of the rapid SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP-LFA kit were 100 plaque-forming units (PFUs) mL and 10 PFU mL for RNA samples extracted using the Chelex-100/boiling nucleic acid extraction device and commercial AdvansureTM E3 system, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP-LFA kit were 97.8% and 100%, respectively. Our SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP-LFA kit exhibited high sensitivity and specificity within 40 min without requiring laboratory instruments, suggesting that the kit could be used as a rapid POC molecular diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2.