Significance of Neonatal Heart Rate in the Delivery Room-A Review.

BACKGROUND

Heart rate (HR) is considered the main vital sign in newborns during perinatal transition, with a threshold of 100 beats per minute (bpm), below which, intervention is recommended. However, recent changes in delivery room management, including delayed cord clamping, are likely to have influenced normal HR transition.

OBJECTIVE

To summarize the updated knowledge about the factors, including measurement methods, that influence HR in newborn infants immediately after birth. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of delivery room HR as a prognostic indicator in different subgroups of newborns.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with the terms infant, heart rate, delivery room, resuscitation, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiogram.

RESULTS

Seven studies that described HR values in newborn infants immediately after birth were included. Pulse oximetry-derived HR percentiles after immediate cord clamping may not be applicable to the current practice of delayed cord clamping and the increasing use of delivery room electrocardiograms. Mask ventilation may adversely affect HR, particularly in premature and non-asphyxiated infants. Prolonged bradycardia is a negative prognostic factor, especially if combined with hypoxemia in infants <32 weeks of gestation.

CONCLUSIONS

HR assessment in the delivery room remains important. However, the cardiopulmonary transition is affected by delayed cord clamping, gestational age, and underlying conditions.