Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Aug 29;14(9):1723. doi: 10.3390/genes14091723.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents is 12-18% and is twice as frequent in females. Sleep problems and thoughts of death are depressive symptoms or co-occurrent phenomena. Family maltreatment is a risk factor for later depressive symptoms and the period circadian regulator (PER) has been studied in relation to neurotransmitters, adaptation to stress, and winter depression. The purpose of this work was to study the relation of the three-way interactions of sex, PER2 , and family maltreatment in relation to core depressive symptoms, sleep complaints, and thoughts of death and suicide in self-reports from a cohort of Swedish adolescents in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with linear and logistic regressions were used to study the relationships to the three outcomes. The three-way interaction was related to core depressive symptoms at both baseline and six years later. In contrast, the model did not show any relation to the other dependent variables. At 13-15 years, a sex-related differential expression was observed: females with the minor allele C:C/C:T exposed to family maltreatment showed higher levels of core depressive symptoms. Six years later, the trend was inverted among carriers of minor alleles.
青少年抑郁症状的患病率为 12-18%，女性患病率是男性的两倍。睡眠问题和死亡念头是抑郁症状或同时发生的现象。家庭虐待是日后出现抑郁症状的一个风险因素，而周期节律调节器（PER）已被研究与神经递质、应激适应和冬季抑郁有关。本研究的目的是研究性别、PER2 和家庭虐待三向相互作用与核心抑郁症状、睡眠问题和自杀念头之间的关系，这些都是 2012 年、2015 年和 2018 年瑞典青少年队列研究的自我报告。采用线性和逻辑回归的横断面和纵向分析来研究与三个结果的关系。三向相互作用与基线和六年后的核心抑郁症状有关。相比之下，该模型与其他因变量没有关系。在 13-15 岁时，观察到了与性别有关的差异表达：暴露于家庭虐待的女性，携带次要等位基因 C:C/C:T 的，核心抑郁症状水平更高。六年后，携带次要等位基因的携带者的趋势发生了反转。
