Desdouits Marion, Reynaud Yann, Philippe Cécile, Guyader Françoise S Le
Ifremer, Unité Microbiologie Aliment Santé et Environnement, RBE/LSEM, 44311 Nantes, France.
Microorganisms. 2023 Aug 31;11(9):2218. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092218.
Bivalve molluscan shellfish have been consumed for centuries. Being filter feeders, they may bioaccumulate some microorganisms present in coastal water, either naturally or through the discharge of human or animal sewage. Despite regulations set up to avoid microbiological contamination in shellfish, human outbreaks still occur. After providing an overview showing their implication in disease, this review aims to highlight the diversity of the bacteria or enteric viruses detected in shellfish species, including emerging pathogens. After a critical discussion of the available methods and their limitations, we address the interest of technological developments using genomics to anticipate the emergence of pathogens. In the coming years, further research needs to be performed and methods need to be developed in order to design the future of surveillance and to help risk assessment studies, with the ultimate objective of protecting consumers and enhancing the microbial safety of bivalve molluscan shellfish as a healthy food.
双壳软体贝类被食用已有数百年历史。作为滤食性动物，它们可能会生物累积沿海水域中天然存在的或通过人类或动物污水排放而存在的一些微生物。尽管制定了相关规定以避免贝类受到微生物污染，但仍会发生人类疫情。在概述了贝类与疾病的关联之后，本综述旨在突出在贝类物种中检测到的细菌或肠道病毒的多样性，包括新出现的病原体。在对现有方法及其局限性进行批判性讨论之后，我们探讨了利用基因组学进行技术开发以预测病原体出现的意义。在未来几年，需要开展进一步的研究并开发相关方法，以便规划监测的未来方向并助力风险评估研究，最终目标是保护消费者并提高双壳软体贝类作为健康食品的微生物安全性。
