Unigarro Carlos Andres, Imbachi Luis Carlos, Darghan Aquiles Enrique, Flórez-Ramos Claudia Patricia
Plant Physiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café, Manizales 170009, Colombia.
Biometrics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café, Manizales 170009, Colombia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Sep 21;12(18):3332. doi: 10.3390/plants12183332.
The phenological patterns of coffee flowering in Colombia have typically been studied in a descriptive way, with knowledge from an inferential perspective being scarce. The present study evaluated the effect of geographic location and accession on the floral patterns and phenological descriptors of L. Fifteen accessions from the Colombian coffee collection (four tall and eleven short) were planted in the departments of Cesar, Caldas, Quindío and Cauca (Colombia). The number of flower buds per branch per plant per evaluated accession was recorded weekly during four flowering semesters. Subsequently, the phenological flowering descriptors, namely synchrony among individuals, intraindividual temporal variability and number of events were calculated. The data were analyzed descriptively, and then the inferential component was conducted using analysis of variance for a two-factor additive model and randomization restriction. The results showed that there are two flowering patterns according to the expression of flowering in the floral cycles, the "annual" class in the department of Cesar and the "continual" class in the departments of Caldas, Quindío and Cauca. The phenological descriptors show differences between the departments according to the coffee zone to which it belongs (northern, central or southern). In turn, the floral pattern of each area can be linked to the latitudinal change in daily sunshine, as well as to the distribution of rainfall and temperature, in a very broad sense and based on the literature. The data did not provide statistical evidence to suggest differences among the accessions or between the tree sizes evaluated.
哥伦比亚咖啡开花的物候模式通常是以描述性方式进行研究的，从推断角度的相关知识较为匮乏。本研究评估了地理位置和种质对哥伦比亚卡蒂姆咖啡（Coffea arabica L.）的开花模式和物候描述符的影响。从哥伦比亚咖啡种质库选取了15个种质（4个高杆和11个矮杆），种植于哥伦比亚的塞萨尔、卡尔达斯、金迪奥和考卡等省。在四个开花学期中，每周记录每个评估种质的每株植物每个枝条上的花芽数量。随后，计算了物候开花描述符，即个体间的同步性、个体内的时间变异性和事件数量。对数据进行了描述性分析，然后使用双因素加性模型的方差分析和随机化限制进行推断性分析。结果表明，根据花期循环中的开花表现，存在两种开花模式，塞萨尔省为“年度”类型，卡尔达斯、金迪奥和考卡等省为“连续”类型。物候描述符根据咖啡所属的咖啡种植区（北部、中部或南部）在各省之间存在差异。反过来，从广义上讲并基于文献，每个地区的开花模式可以与日照时长的纬度变化以及降雨和温度分布联系起来。数据未提供统计证据表明不同种质或所评估的树型之间存在差异。
