Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
J Vet Med Sci. 2023 Nov 2;85(11):1146-1150. doi: 10.1292/jvms.23-0272. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
Many parasite species migrate to another site of infection after entering the host body. Such parasite dynamics are closely related to pathogenicity, but it is not easy to observe such parasite behavior deep within the organs. In recent years, technology that can make organs transparent has been developed that enables us to observe deep within organs ex vivo while maintaining their three-dimensional structure. This review describes a series of attempts to apply this technology to understand the behavior of Toxoplasma gondii in the host body. A series of studies has shown that T. gondii tachyzoites that infect leukocytes can reach target organs far from the site of invasion via the circulatory system. In addition, infected leukocytes in the bloodstream adhere more readily to vascular endothelial cells than uninfected leukocytes and are more likely to remain inside the target organs. When infected leukocytes adhere to the vascular endothelial cells of the target organ, the tachyzoites inside the cells immediately escape and infect the parenchyma of the organs. As described above, organ transparency technology is a powerful tool for understanding the internal dynamics of parasites.
许多寄生虫物种在进入宿主身体后会迁移到另一个感染部位。这种寄生虫动态与致病性密切相关，但要观察器官深处的这种寄生虫行为并不容易。近年来，已经开发出可以使器官透明的技术，使我们能够在保持器官三维结构的情况下在体外观察器官深处。这篇综述描述了一系列尝试应用该技术来了解弓形虫在宿主体内行为的尝试。一系列研究表明，感染白细胞的刚地弓形虫速殖子可以通过循环系统到达远离入侵部位的靶器官。此外，血流中的感染白细胞比未感染的白细胞更容易附着于血管内皮细胞，并且更有可能留在靶器官内。当感染的白细胞附着于靶器官的血管内皮细胞时，细胞内的速殖子立即逃逸并感染器官的实质。如前所述，器官透明技术是了解寄生虫内部动态的有力工具。
