Department of Integrated Early Childhood Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Child Healthcare Center, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
J Glob Health. 2023 Sep 29;13:04110. doi: 10.7189/jogh.13.04110.
Healthy movement behaviours in early life promote better physical health and facilitate psychological development. Early childhood education (ECE) institutions provide opportunities for caregivers to improve children's movement behaviour practices, but little is known about the current status of movement behaviours among infants and young children in urban China in this context. We aimed to investigate the movement behaviour status of children under two years of age via ECE institutions and compare movement behaviour practices and knowledge between children attending ECE classes and those not attending.
We conducted the cross-sectional survey from 1 March to 30 April 2023 in Gymboree Play&Music, an ECE institution covering 31 provinces in China. We developed our survey instrument based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to measure children's movement behaviour practices and caregivers' movement behaviour knowledge. We carried out the online questionnaire survey through Sojump, the largest professional online survey platform in China. We sent a quick response (QR) code to Gymboree Play&Music centres; the QR code was linked to a questionnaire intended for caregiver members and non-members coming for experience classes and activities.
We surveyed 3355 primary caregivers, encompassing 504, 536, and 2315 children aged 0-5 months, 6-11 months, and 12-23 months, respectively. Overall, less than half of the children met recommendations in physical activity time (PAT) (19.2%), physical restraint (PR) (45.8%), and screen time (ST) (46.4%) during the last 24 hours. PAT, outdoor time (OT), and sleep duration (SD) in children aged 0-5 months were significantly lower than in the other two age groups, while ST was significantly higher than in the other two age groups during the last 24 hours (all P < 0.001). For children attending ECE classes, PAT, OT, and SD were significantly higher than those not attending ECE during the last 24 hours and the last two weeks (all P < 0.05). All indicators in the long-nursing care time (NCT) group were significantly higher than those in the short-NCT group, while there was no statistical difference in SD between the two groups (66.6% vs 65.6%; P = 0.558).
The status of movement behaviours for children under two years old in urban China is not optimistic, especially for PAT, PR, and ST. Additionally, attending early childhood education classes and primary caregivers' daily nurturing care time are important for infants and young children to adhere to movement guidelines. Consequently, more ECE institution-specific practical strategies and educational materials are needed to promote compliance with movement behaviour guidelines.
生命早期的健康运动行为可促进更好的身体健康，并有助于心理发展。幼儿教育机构为照顾者提供了改善儿童运动行为实践的机会，但目前尚不清楚中国城市 2 岁以下儿童在这方面的运动行为现状。本研究旨在通过幼儿教育机构调查 2 岁以下儿童的运动行为状况，并比较参加和不参加幼儿教育课程的儿童的运动行为实践和知识。
我们于 2023 年 3 月 1 日至 4 月 30 日期间在 Gymboree Play&Music （覆盖中国 31 个省的幼儿教育机构）进行了横断面调查。我们根据世界卫生组织（WHO）指南制定了我们的调查工具，以测量儿童的运动行为实践和照顾者的运动行为知识。我们通过中国最大的专业在线调查平台 Sojump 进行了在线问卷调查。我们向 Gymboree Play&Music 中心发送了快速响应（QR）码，QR 码链接到了为前来体验课程和活动的会员和非会员设计的问卷。
我们调查了 3355 名主要照顾者，其中分别有 504、536 和 2315 名 0-5 个月、6-11 个月和 12-23 个月大的儿童。总体而言，在过去 24 小时内，不到一半的儿童满足了身体活动时间（PAT）（19.2%）、身体约束（PR）（45.8%）和屏幕时间（ST）（46.4%）的推荐标准。0-5 个月儿童的 PAT、户外活动时间（OT）和睡眠持续时间（SD）明显低于其他两个年龄组，而 ST 在过去 24 小时内明显高于其他两个年龄组（均 P<0.001）。对于参加幼儿教育课程的儿童，在过去 24 小时和过去两周内，PAT、OT 和 SD 明显高于未参加幼儿教育课程的儿童（均 P<0.05）。长护理时间（NCT）组的所有指标均明显高于短 NCT 组，而两组之间的 SD 无统计学差异（66.6%比 65.6%；P=0.558）。
中国城市 2 岁以下儿童的运动行为状况不容乐观，尤其是 PAT、PR 和 ST。此外，参加幼儿教育课程和主要照顾者的日常护理时间对婴儿和幼儿遵守运动行为指南非常重要。因此，需要更多针对幼儿教育机构的具体实践策略和教育材料来促进对运动行为指南的遵守。
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