Lee Su Jung, Jang Hongje, Lee Do Nam
Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
Nanoscale Adv. 2023 Sep 4;5(19):5165-5213. doi: 10.1039/d3na00163f. eCollection 2023 Sep 26.
In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as promising fields in materials science. Spectroscopic techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy have revolutionized the characterization, manipulation, and size control of nanomaterials, enabling the creation of diverse materials such as fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocones, and nanosheets. Among these nanomaterials, there has been considerable interest in flower-shaped hierarchical 3D nanostructures, known as nanoflowers. These structures offer advantages like a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to spherical nanoparticles, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly preparation methods. Researchers have explored various applications of 3D nanostructures with unique morphologies derived from different nanoflowers. The nanoflowers are classified as organic, inorganic and hybrid, and the hybrids are a combination thereof, and most research studies of the nanoflowers have been focused on biomedical applications. Intriguingly, among them, inorganic nanoflowers have been studied extensively in various areas, such as electro, photo, and chemical catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries, owing to their high catalytic efficiency and optical characteristics, which arise from their composition, crystal structure, and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Despite the significant interest in inorganic nanoflowers, comprehensive reviews on this topic have been scarce until now. This is the first review focusing on inorganic nanoflowers for applications in electro, photo, and chemical catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries. Since the early 2000s, more than 350 papers have been published on this topic with many ongoing research projects. This review categorizes the reported inorganic nanoflowers into four groups based on their composition and structure: metal, metal oxide, alloy, and other nanoflowers, including silica, metal-metal oxide, core-shell, doped, coated, nitride, sulfide, phosphide, selenide, and telluride nanoflowers. The review thoroughly discusses the preparation methods, conditions for morphology and size control, mechanisms, characteristics, and potential applications of these nanoflowers, aiming to facilitate future research and promote highly effective and synergistic applications in various fields.
近年来，纳米科学和纳米技术已成为材料科学中充满前景的领域。扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜等光谱技术彻底改变了纳米材料的表征、操控和尺寸控制，使得富勒烯、石墨烯、纳米管、纳米纤维、纳米棒、纳米线、纳米颗粒、纳米锥和纳米片等多种材料得以创造。在这些纳米材料中，花状分级三维纳米结构（即纳米花）引发了人们极大的兴趣。与球形纳米颗粒相比，这些结构具有更高的比表面积、成本效益以及环境友好的制备方法等优势。研究人员探索了源自不同纳米花的具有独特形态的三维纳米结构的各种应用。纳米花分为有机、无机和杂化三类，杂化类是前两者的组合，并且大多数关于纳米花的研究都集中在生物医学应用上。有趣的是，其中无机纳米花因其由组成、晶体结构和局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）产生的高催化效率和光学特性，已在电催化、光催化、化学催化、传感器、超级电容器和电池等各个领域得到广泛研究。尽管无机纳米花受到了极大关注，但到目前为止，关于这一主题的全面综述却很少。这是第一篇聚焦于无机纳米花在电催化、光催化、化学催化剂、传感器、超级电容器和电池应用方面的综述。自21世纪初以来，关于这个主题已经发表了350多篇论文，还有许多正在进行的研究项目。本综述根据其组成和结构将已报道的无机纳米花分为四类：金属、金属氧化物、合金以及其他纳米花，包括二氧化硅、金属 - 金属氧化物、核壳、掺杂、包覆、氮化物、硫化物、磷化物、硒化物和碲化物纳米花。该综述深入讨论了这些纳米花的制备方法、形态和尺寸控制条件、机理、特性以及潜在应用，旨在促进未来的研究，并推动其在各个领域的高效协同应用。
