Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167404. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167404. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Plastic production on a global scale is instrumental in advancing modern society. However, plastic can be broken down by mechanical and chemical forces of humans and nature, and knowledge of the fate and effects of plastic, especially nanoplastics, in the aquatic environment remains poor. We provide an overview of current knowledge on the environmental occurrence and toxicity of nanoplastics, and suggestions for future research. There are nanoplastics present in seas, rivers, and nature reserves from Asia, Europe, Antarctica, and the Arctic Ocean at levels of 0.3-488 microgram per liter. Once in the aquatic environment, nanoplastics accumulate in plankton, nekton, benthos through ingestion and adherence, with multiple toxic results including inhibited growth, reproductive abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immune system dysfunction. Further investigations should focus on chemical analysis methods for nanoplastics, effect and mechanism of nanoplastics at environmental relevant concentrations in aquatic organisms, as well as the mechanism of the Trojan horse effect of nanoplastics.
全球范围内的塑料生产对推进现代社会发展至关重要。然而，塑料会受到人类和自然的机械和化学力量的破坏，而且对于塑料（尤其是纳米塑料）在水环境中的命运和影响知之甚少。我们提供了关于纳米塑料在环境中出现和毒性的现有知识概述，并提出了未来研究的建议。在亚洲、欧洲、南极洲和北冰洋的海洋、河流和自然保护区中，都存在浓度为 0.3-488 微克/升的纳米塑料。一旦进入水生态环境，纳米塑料就会通过摄食和附着在浮游生物、游泳生物和底栖生物中积累，产生多种毒性效应，包括生长抑制、生殖异常、氧化应激和免疫系统功能障碍。进一步的研究应集中于纳米塑料的化学分析方法、纳米塑料在水生生物中环境相关浓度下的作用和机制，以及纳米塑料“特洛伊木马效应”的机制。
