García-Gómez E, Gkotsis G, Nika M C, Hassellöv I M, Salo K, Hermansson A Lunde, Ytreberg E, Thomaidis N S, Gros M, Petrović M
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;343:140296. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140296. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
An extended suspect screening approach for the comprehensive chemical characterization of scrubber discharge waters from exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCSs), used to reduce atmospheric shipping emissions of sulphur oxides, was developed. The suspect screening was based on gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and focused on the identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated derivatives (alkyl-PAHs), which are among the most frequent and potentially toxic organic contaminants detected in these matrices. Although alkyl-PAHs can be even more abundant than parent compounds, information regarding their occurrence in scrubber waters is scarce. For compound identification, an in-house compound database was built, with 26 suspect groups, including 25 parent PAHs and 23 alkyl-PAH homologues. With this approach, 7 PAHs and 12 clusters of alkyl-PAHs were tentatively identified, whose occurrence was finally confirmed by target analysis using GC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Finally, a retrospective analysis was performed to identify other relevant (poly)cyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) of potential concern in scrubber waters. According to it, 18 suspect groups were tentatively identified, including biphenyls, dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and oxygenated PAHs derivatives. All these compounds could be used as relevant markers of scrubber water contamination in heavy traffic marine areas and be considered as potential stressors when evaluating scrubber water toxicity.
开发了一种扩展的可疑物筛查方法，用于对废气净化系统（EGCS）洗涤器排放水进行全面的化学表征，该系统用于减少船舶大气中的硫氧化物排放。可疑物筛查基于气相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用（GC-HRMS），重点是鉴定多环芳烃（PAHs）及其烷基化衍生物（烷基-PAHs），这些是在这些基质中检测到的最常见且可能有毒的有机污染物。尽管烷基-PAHs的含量可能比母体化合物更高，但关于它们在洗涤器水中的存在情况的信息却很少。为了进行化合物鉴定，建立了一个内部化合物数据库，其中包含26个可疑物组，包括25种母体PAHs和23种烷基-PAH同系物。通过这种方法，初步鉴定出7种PAHs和12组烷基-PAHs，最终通过气相色谱-串联质谱联用（GC-MS/MS）的目标分析确认了它们的存在。最后，进行了回顾性分析，以确定洗涤器水中其他潜在相关的（多）环芳烃化合物（PACs）。据此，初步鉴定出18个可疑物组，包括联苯、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩和含氧PAHs衍生物。所有这些化合物都可作为繁忙海运区域洗涤器水污染的相关标志物，并在评估洗涤器水毒性时被视为潜在压力源。
