Jain Anjali, Singh Kamlesh
Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2023 Sep;45(5):476-485. doi: 10.1177/02537176221105146. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Schemas help with the organization and interpretation of information. Adaptive schemas indicate positive predisposing thinking patterns in an individual. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically robust tool to assess adaptive schema in a nonclinical sample.
This research comprises two independent studies. Study I was multiphased. In Phase I ( = 70), 36 open-ended items were generated following the Young schema therapy model and qualitatively analyzed. This facilitated the generation of 144 items in Phase II ( = 152) which were evaluated for content validity and subjected to rigorous item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed in Phase III ( = 751). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Study II ( = 244).
Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution comprising 25 items. These factors correspond to the six adaptive themes, namely, adequate, secured, self-reliant/autonomous, resistant, successful, and self-assured. The newly developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.86). Significant correlations between the obtained factors and Early Maladaptive Schemas, depression, big five personality factors, and positive and negative effects established the concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness of fit for the obtained model.
The developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument with promising utility in psychotherapy and research context.
图式有助于信息的组织和解释。适应性图式表明个体存在积极的易感性思维模式。本研究旨在开发一种心理测量稳健的工具，以评估非临床样本中的适应性图式。
本研究包括两项独立研究。研究I分多个阶段进行。在第一阶段（n = 70），按照杨式图式疗法模型生成了36个开放式项目并进行了定性分析。这有助于在第二阶段（n = 152）生成144个项目，对这些项目进行内容效度评估并进行严格的项目分析。在第三阶段（n = 751）进行探索性因素分析。在研究II（n = 244）中进行验证性因素分析。
探索性因素分析得出了一个包含25个项目的六因素解决方案。这些因素对应于六个适应性主题，即充足、安全、自力更生/自主、有抵抗力、成功和自信。新开发的适应性图式问卷显示出足够的信度（α = 0.86）。所获得的因素与早期适应不良图式、抑郁、大五人格因素以及正负效应之间的显著相关性确立了同时效度。验证性因素分析表明所获得的模型具有可接受的拟合优度。
所开发的适应性图式问卷是一种可靠且有效的工具，在心理治疗和研究背景下具有广阔的应用前景。
