Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 3;120(40):e2305071120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2305071120. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Extracellular potassium concentration ([K]) is known to increase as a function of arousal. [K] is also a potent modulator of transmitter release. Yet, it is not known whether [K] is involved in the neuromodulator release associated with behavioral transitions. We here show that manipulating [K] controls the local release of monoaminergic neuromodulators, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and dopamine. Imposing a [K] increase is adequate to boost local NE levels, and conversely, lowering [K] can attenuate local NE. Electroencephalography analysis and behavioral assays revealed that manipulation of cortical [K] was sufficient to alter the sleep-wake cycle and behavior of mice. These observations point to the concept that NE levels in the cortex are not solely determined by subcortical release, but that local [K] dynamics have a strong impact on cortical NE. Thus, cortical [K] is an underappreciated regulator of behavioral transitions.
细胞外钾浓度([K])已知随觉醒而增加。[K]也是递质释放的有效调节剂。然而，目前尚不清楚[K]是否参与与行为转变相关的神经调质释放。我们在这里表明，操纵[K]控制单胺能神经调质的局部释放，包括去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血清素和多巴胺。增加[K]足以提高局部 NE 水平，相反，降低[K]可以减弱局部 NE。脑电图分析和行为测定表明，皮质[K]的操纵足以改变小鼠的睡眠-觉醒周期和行为。这些观察结果表明，皮层中的 NE 水平不仅由皮质下释放决定，而且局部[K]动力学对皮层 NE 有很大影响。因此，皮质[K]是行为转变的一个被低估的调节剂。
