Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 City, Giza, 12858, Egypt.
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
Talanta. 2024 Jan 15;267:125238. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125238. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are a group of drugs prescribed for their sedating effect. Their misuse and addictive properties stipulate different authorities for developing simple, fast and accurate analytical methods for instantaneous detection. Differential pulse voltammetric technique (DPV) was utilized for the selective assay of midazolam hydrochloride (MDZ) in the pure, parenteral dosage forms and plasma samples. A chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was implemented during the study. The method depended on the electroreduction of MDZ on the surface of the electrode over a potential range of 0.0 V to -1.6 V. The electrode was fabricated using silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs) which were incorporated into the composition of the CPE and used to enhance the electrode performance. Then, to enhance the sensitivity of the method, a chronoamperometric modification step was applied for depositing gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on the carbon paste electrode surface. Modification with Au-NPs showed a higher reduction current peak for MDZ with well-defined peaks. Various parameters such as pH of the media and measurements scan rate were investigated and optimized to enhance the sensor sensitivity. The sensor showed a dynamic linear response over a concentration range of 4.0 × 10 M to 2.9 × 10 M of MDZ with a LOD of 2.24 × 10 M using 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.6). The sensor was validated in accordance with the ICH guidelines regarding accuracy, precision and specificity for the selective assay of MDZ in the presence of excipients. A greenness evaluation was performed using three different assessment tools, namely, the "Green Analytical Procedure Index" (GAPI), the "Analytical Greenness metric" (AGREE) and the "Whiteness Analytical Chemistry tool" (WAC) using the RGB12 model.
苯二氮䓬类药物（BZDs）因其镇静作用而被开处方。它们的滥用和成瘾性规定了不同的权威机构，以开发简单、快速和准确的分析方法，用于即时检测。差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）用于盐酸咪达唑仑（MDZ）在纯、注射剂型和血浆样品中的选择性测定。在研究中使用了一种化学修饰的碳糊电极（CPE）。该方法依赖于 MDZ 在电极表面的电化学还原，电位范围为 0.0 V 至-1.6 V。该电极是使用纳米二氧化硅（Si-NPs）制备的，Si-NPs 被掺入 CPE 的组成中，用于增强电极性能。然后，为了提高方法的灵敏度，应用计时安培修饰步骤在碳糊电极表面上沉积金纳米粒子（Au-NPs）。Au-NPs 的修饰显示出更高的 MDZ 还原电流峰，具有定义良好的峰。研究并优化了各种参数，如介质的 pH 和测量扫描速率，以提高传感器的灵敏度。该传感器在 4.0×10-6 M 至 2.9×10-5 M 的 MDZ 浓度范围内表现出动态线性响应，使用 0.1 M 醋酸盐缓冲液（pH 5.6）时检测限为 2.24×10-6 M。该传感器根据 ICH 指南，针对存在赋形剂时 MDZ 的选择性测定进行了准确性、精密度和特异性的验证。使用三种不同的评估工具，即“绿色分析程序指数”（GAPI）、“分析绿色度指标”（AGREE）和“白色分析化学工具”（WAC），使用 RGB12 模型对绿色度进行了评估。
