Enhorning G, Pototschnik R, Possmayer F, Burgoyne R
Anesth Analg. 1986 Dec;65(12):1275-80.
Pulmonary surfactant obtained from rabbit lung lavage was evaluated with the pulsating bubble surfactometer. Because surfactant forms a monomolecular film at the air-liquid interface consisting mainly of phospholipids, solvent vapors, which might be inhaled, could have a destructive influence on the surfactant monolayer. To assess the risk of such an inhalation, vapors from five solvents--halothane, chloroform, enflurane, acetone, and diethyl ether--were made to flow into the bubble of the surfactometer as it pulsated for 30 sec, i.e., during 10 pulsations. The vapors from halothane and chloroform, excellent solvents of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), had a destabilizing effect evidenced by the fact that surface tension at minimal bubble size increased from 0 to as high as 20 mN/m. When the vapors were replaced with a flow of room air, the pressure tracing promptly returned to normal. The concentration of halothane vapor, however, had to be at least 20%, a concentration much higher than that used for anesthesia, to have a destabilizing effect on pulmonary surfactant. Twenty-five percent enflurane vapor had a less pronounced yet conspicuous impact. With 25% acetone and diethyl ether vapors, poor solvents of DPPC, surface tension at minimal bubble size remained unaffected. We conclude that vapors of halothane and chloroform, if inhaled in high concentration, might instantaneously obliterate the stabilizing effect of pulmonary surfactant but that anesthetic concentrations of halothane have no effect.
用脉动气泡表面张力仪对从兔肺灌洗中获得的肺表面活性物质进行了评估。由于表面活性物质在主要由磷脂组成的气液界面形成单分子膜，可能被吸入的溶剂蒸汽会对表面活性物质单层产生破坏作用。为了评估这种吸入的风险，在表面张力仪的气泡脉动30秒（即10次脉动期间）时，让来自五种溶剂——氟烷、氯仿、恩氟烷、丙酮和乙醚——的蒸汽流入气泡中。氟烷和氯仿是二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱（DPPC）的优良溶剂，它们的蒸汽具有去稳定作用，这一事实表明最小气泡尺寸处的表面张力从0增加到高达20 mN/m。当蒸汽被室内空气流取代时，压力曲线迅速恢复正常。然而，氟烷蒸汽的浓度必须至少达到20%，这一浓度远高于用于麻醉的浓度，才会对肺表面活性物质产生去稳定作用。25%的恩氟烷蒸汽有较不明显但显著的影响。对于DPPC的不良溶剂25%的丙酮和乙醚蒸汽，最小气泡尺寸处的表面张力保持不变。我们得出结论，高浓度吸入氟烷和氯仿的蒸汽可能会立即消除肺表面活性物质的稳定作用，但麻醉浓度的氟烷没有影响。
