Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 30;13(1):16449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43754-y.
Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is an important soil-borne disease for the Italian kiwifruit industry, causing €300,000 in economic losses in 2020 alone. So far, the organisms recognized as involved in the aetiology of KVDS mainly belong to the Oomycota. As no effective management strategies exist, a promising approach to overcoming KVDS is the use of resistant species as rootstocks or for inclusion in breeding programs. Several Actinidia genotypes showing different level of resistance to KVDS were grown in disease-promoting soils. A metabarcoding approach was set up to identify KVDS-associated oomycetes and investigate whether the main species involved may vary according to plant genotype. Our results clearly showed significant differences between the genotypes in terms of oomycetes present in both plant rhizosphere and endosphere, which were strongly correlated with the symptoms displayed. We found out that the resistance of Actinidia macrosperma to KVDS is related to its ability to shape the pathobiome, particularly as far as the endosphere is concerned. In our conditions, Phytophthora sp. was predominantly found in sensitive genotypes, whilst Globisporangium intermedium was mainly detected in asymptomatic plants, suggesting that the latter species could compete with the recruitment of Phytophthora sp. in plants with different levels of resistance, consequently, explaining the onset of symptoms and the resistance condition.
奇异莓衰退综合征（KVDS）是意大利奇异莓产业的一种重要土传病害，仅在 2020 年就造成了 30 万欧元的经济损失。到目前为止，被认为与 KVDS 发病机理有关的生物体主要属于卵菌门。由于没有有效的管理策略，克服 KVDS 的一个有前途的方法是使用抗性品种作为砧木或纳入育种计划。在促进疾病发生的土壤中种植了几种对 KVDS 表现出不同程度抗性的猕猴桃基因型。建立了一种代谢组学方法来鉴定与 KVDS 相关的卵菌，并研究主要涉及的物种是否可能因植物基因型而异。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，不同基因型的植物根际和根内卵菌存在显著差异，这些差异与表现出的症状强烈相关。我们发现，猕猴桃对 KVDS 的抗性与其塑造病原生物群的能力有关，特别是就根内生物群而言。在我们的条件下，在敏感基因型中主要发现了疫霉属，而在无症状植物中主要检测到 Globisporangium intermedium，这表明后者可能与疫霉属在不同抗性水平的植物中的招募竞争，从而解释了症状的出现和抗性状态。
