Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Cell Rep. 2023 Oct 31;42(10):113193. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113193. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to challenge the efficacy of vaccination efforts against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Omicron XBB lineage of SARS-CoV-2 has presented dramatic evasion of neutralizing antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 convalescence. XBB.1.16, characterized by two mutations relative to the dominating variant XBB.1.5, i.e., E180V and K478R, has been on the rise globally. In this study, we compare the immune escape of XBB.1.16 with XBB.1.5, alongside ancestral variants D614G, BA.2, and BA.4/5. We demonstrate that XBB.1.16 is strongly immune evasive, with extent comparable to XBB.1.5 in bivalent-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, 3-dose-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, and BA.4/5-wave convalescent sera. Interestingly, the XBB.1.16 spike is less fusogenic than that of XBB.1.5, and this phenotype requires both E180V and K478R mutations to manifest. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of the continued surveillance of variants and the need for updated mRNA vaccine formulations.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的不断进化持续挑战着针对 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的疫苗效力。SARS-CoV-2 的奥密克戎 XBB 谱系对 mRNA 疫苗接种和 COVID-19 恢复期产生的中和抗体具有显著的逃避能力。XBB.1.16 与占主导地位的变体 XBB.1.5 相比，有两个突变，即 E180V 和 K478R，在全球范围内呈上升趋势。在这项研究中，我们比较了 XBB.1.16 与 XBB.1.5 的免疫逃逸能力，同时比较了原始变体 D614G、BA.2 和 BA.4/5。我们证明 XBB.1.16 具有很强的免疫逃避能力，在接受两价疫苗接种的医护人员血清、接受三剂疫苗接种的医护人员血清和 BA.4/5 波康复血清中，其逃避能力与 XBB.1.5 相当。有趣的是，XBB.1.16 刺突的融合能力不如 XBB.1.5，这种表型需要 E180V 和 K478R 突变才能表现出来。总体而言，我们的研究结果强调了对变体进行持续监测以及更新 mRNA 疫苗配方的重要性。
