National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China.
Poult Sci. 2023 Dec;102(12):103068. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103068. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
Cockfighting is popular worldwide, dating back to 2,800 BC. Primarily, 5 modern Chinese gamecock breeds exist, located in the northeast (Luxi and Henan), west (Turpan), south (Xishuangbanna), and southeast (Zhangzhou) of China. However, whether Chinese gamecocks were derived from a single origin or multiple origins remains controversial. Therefore, this study used next-generation resequencing data to elucidate the origin of Chinese gamecocks by constructing genome-wide and SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) gene phylogenetic trees. Data from 161 chickens from 27 breeds, including 9 gamecock breeds, were included. Before constructing the SOX5 gene tree, we validated that the pea-comb phenotype mutation in all gamecock breeds was attributed to copy number variation in intron 1 of the SOX5 gene, as previously reported. The specific region was chr1: 65,838,000 to 65,846,000. The phylogenetic tree results suggested that Zhangzhou and Xishuangbanna gamecocks have a monophyletic origin, while Luxi, Henan, and Turpan gamecocks have a common ancestor. Our study provides genome-wide evidence that Chinese gamecocks have multiple origins and advances the understanding of the genetic mechanisms of the pea-comb characteristic.
斗鸡在全世界都很流行，可以追溯到公元前 2800 年。目前主要有 5 个中国现代斗鸡品种，分别位于中国的东北部（鲁西和河南）、西部（吐鲁番）、南部（西双版纳）和东南部（漳州）。然而，中国斗鸡是否来自单一起源还是多个起源仍存在争议。因此，本研究利用新一代重测序数据，通过构建全基因组和性盒转录因子 5（SOX5）基因系统发育树，阐明了中国斗鸡的起源。研究数据来自 27 个鸡品种的 161 只鸡，包括 9 个斗鸡品种。在构建 SOX5 基因树之前，我们验证了所有斗鸡品种豌豆冠的表型突变归因于 SOX5 基因第 1 内含子的拷贝数变异，这与之前的报道一致。具体区域为 chr1:65,838,000 到 65,846,000。系统发育树结果表明，漳州和西双版纳斗鸡具有单系起源，而鲁西、河南和吐鲁番斗鸡具有共同的祖先。本研究提供了全基因组证据，表明中国斗鸡有多个起源，并深入了解了豌豆冠特征的遗传机制。
