Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India.
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India.
Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2024;18(3):210-226. doi: 10.2174/0118722083262217230921042127.
The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific date in a trustworthy manner.
新冠疫情在全球范围内迅速升级并不断出现新的变异，因此准确的诊断技术在控制和了解疾病的流行病学方面发挥着至关重要的作用。大量技术可用于个体诊断，并为新冠的临床管理提供信息。新冠诊断的一些重要生化参数包括肝酶、肌酐和非特异性炎症标志物的升高，如 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)。主要的进展预测因子是淋巴细胞减少、D-二聚体升高和铁蛋白血症，尽管在诊断标志物面板中也需要考虑乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶 (CPK) 和肌钙蛋白。由于具有更高的灵敏度和准确性，分子技术，如常规聚合酶链反应 (PCR)、逆转录 (RT)-PCR、巢式 PCR、环介导等温扩增 (LAMP) 和 xMAP 技术，已经被广泛用于新冠诊断一段时间了。为了让更多的人能够使用这些诊断技术，许多技术都可以被利用，包括即时护理 (POC)，也称为床边检测，它正在作为一种便携的有前途的病原体识别工具而发展。其他一些基于侧向流动分析 (LFA) 的技术，如 SHERLOCK、CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR) 和 FNCAS9 编辑器有限均相检测 assay (FELUDA) 等，在病原体的快速检测中显示出了良好的效果。最近，低成本测序和大数据管理的进步使得基于下一代测序 (NGS) 的诊断方法缓慢但稳步上升，这些方法对临床应用具有潜在的相关性，并可能为未来铺平道路。由于新冠疫情，各种机构提供了免费的、专门的网站和工具，通过减轻对自 2020 年 1 月以来发表的关于生化和分子诊断的大量科学和专利文献中的研究和数据分析，促进研究并提供急需的先进解决方案。对于任何使用专利信息的人来说，这种情况都是独一无二的，很难在特定日期以可靠的方式找到相关的披露信息。
