Rodriguez Gallo Maria Camila, Uhrig R Glen
University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
University of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Sep 14;14:1249057. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249057. eCollection 2023.
For the past two decades, the study of alternative splicing (AS) and its involvement in plant development and stress response has grown in popularity. Only recently however, has the focus shifted to the study of how AS regulation (or lack-thereof) affects downstream mRNA and protein landscapes and how these AS regulatory events impact plant development and stress tolerance. In humans, protein phosphorylation represents one of the predominant mechanisms by which AS is regulated and thus the protein kinases governing these phosphorylation events are of interest for further study. Large-scale phosphoproteomic studies in plants have consistently found that RNA splicing-related proteins are extensively phosphorylated, however, the signaling pathways involved in AS regulation have not been resolved. In this mini-review, we summarize our current knowledge of the three major splicing-related protein kinase families in plants that are suggested to mediate AS phospho-regulation and draw comparisons to their metazoan orthologs. We also summarize and contextualize the phosphorylation events identified as occurring on splicing-related protein families to illustrate the high degree to which splicing-related proteins are modified, placing a new focus on elucidating the impacts of AS at the protein and PTM-level.
在过去二十年中,可变剪接(AS)及其在植物发育和胁迫响应中的作用的研究越来越受到关注。然而,直到最近,研究重点才转向AS调控(或缺乏调控)如何影响下游mRNA和蛋白质格局,以及这些AS调控事件如何影响植物发育和胁迫耐受性。在人类中,蛋白质磷酸化是调控AS的主要机制之一,因此,控制这些磷酸化事件的蛋白激酶值得进一步研究。植物中的大规模磷酸化蛋白质组学研究一直发现,与RNA剪接相关的蛋白质被广泛磷酸化,然而,参与AS调控的信号通路尚未明确。在这篇小型综述中,我们总结了目前关于植物中三个主要剪接相关蛋白激酶家族的知识,这些家族被认为介导AS的磷酸化调控,并与它们在后生动物中的直系同源物进行比较。我们还总结并梳理了在剪接相关蛋白家族上发生的磷酸化事件,以说明剪接相关蛋白的修饰程度之高,从而将新的重点放在阐明AS在蛋白质和翻译后修饰水平上的影响。