Kilburn K H, Warshaw R, Thornton J C
Arch Intern Med. 1986 Nov;146(11):2213-20.
Families of 338 male and 81 female shipyard workers (SYW), including 280 wives, 144 daughters, and 81 sons, were examined for diseases resulting from asbestos. The workers were initially exposed to asbestos at least 20 years prior to the study date. Radiographic signs of asbestosis (using standard criteria international Labor Office 1980) were found in 64% of 288 male SYW and 21% of 71 female SYW. After excluding those with any occupational exposure to asbestos, asbestosis prevalence was 11% in wives, 8% in sons, and 2% in daughters. Asbestos disease prevalence in workers and in wives increased with the number of years from initial exposure. Male SYW who had smoked had airway obstruction without volume loss. Nonsmokers had normal pulmonary functions. In SYW households prevalences of respiratory diseases, wheezing on physical examination, and symptoms of asthma and chronic bronchitis, exceeded those in the comparison (Michigan) population, even for the younger daughters and sons. These differences, and airway obstruction and distribution defects reported earlier were not explained by cigarette smoking or by asbestos exposure. Instead, they are tentatively ascribed to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Los Angeles.
对338名男性和81名女性造船厂工人（SYW）的家庭成员进行了检查，这些家庭成员包括280名妻子、144名女儿和81名儿子，以排查石棉导致的疾病。这些工人在研究日期前至少20年就开始接触石棉。在288名男性SYW中，64%有石棉肺的影像学征象（采用国际劳工组织1980年的标准），在71名女性SYW中，这一比例为21%。在排除了有任何石棉职业暴露史的人员后，妻子中石棉肺患病率为11%，儿子中为8%，女儿中为2%。工人及其妻子中石棉相关疾病的患病率随着首次接触石棉后的年数增加而上升。吸烟的男性SYW存在气道阻塞但肺容量无减少。不吸烟者肺功能正常。在SYW家庭中，呼吸系统疾病、体检时喘息以及哮喘和慢性支气管炎症状的患病率超过了对照组（密歇根州）人群，即使是较年轻的女儿和儿子也是如此。这些差异以及先前报道的气道阻塞和分布缺陷不能用吸烟或石棉暴露来解释。相反，它们暂时归因于长期暴露于洛杉矶的环境空气污染。
