Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Am J Prev Med. 2024 Feb;66(2):226-234. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.024. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted workers in certain industries and occupations. The infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 and future respiratory viruses in the workplace is a significant concern for workers, employers, and policymakers. This study describes the differences in COVID-19 mortality by sex and industry/occupation among working-age U.S. residents in 49 states and New York City.
The 2021 National Vital Statistics System public use multiple-cause-of-death data for U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years (working age) with information on usual industry and occupation were analyzed in 2022. Age-standardized COVID-19 death rates for selected demographic characteristics and adjusted proportional mortality ratios were estimated by sex and usual industry and occupation.
In 2021, 133,596 (14.3%) U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years had COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause of death; the highest COVID-19 death rate was among persons aged 55-64 years (172.4 of 100,000 population) and males (65.5 of 100,000 population). Among males and females, American Indian or Alaskan Native and Black or African American, respectively, had the highest death rates. Hispanic males had higher age-adjusted death rates than Hispanic females. Working-age male decedents in the public administration (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and management of companies and enterprises industries (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and community and social services occupations (proportional mortality ratio=1.68) and female decedents in the utilities industry (proportional mortality ratio=1.20) and protective services occupation (proportional mortality ratio=1.18) had the highest proportional mortality ratios.
COVID-19 death rates and proportional mortality ratios varied by sex, industry, and occupation groups. These findings underscore the importance of workplace public health interventions, which could protect workers and their communities.
COVID-19 大流行对某些行业和职业的工人造成了不成比例的影响。SARS-CoV-2 和未来呼吸道病毒在工作场所的感染风险是工人、雇主和政策制定者的重大关切。本研究描述了美国 49 个州和纽约市 15-64 岁工作年龄居民中 COVID-19 死亡率按性别和行业/职业的差异。
2022 年分析了 2021 年国家生命统计系统公共使用的美国 15-64 岁（工作年龄）死者多原因死亡数据，这些数据包含了通常的行业和职业信息。按性别和通常的行业和职业估计了选定人口特征的年龄标准化 COVID-19 死亡率和调整后的比例死亡率。
2021 年，美国 15-64 岁死亡人数中有 133596 人（14.3%）将 COVID-19 列为根本死因；年龄在 55-64 岁的人群（每 10 万人中有 172.4 人）和男性（每 10 万人中有 65.5 人）的 COVID-19 死亡率最高。在男性和女性中，美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民和黑人或非裔美国人的死亡率最高。西班牙裔男性的年龄调整死亡率高于西班牙裔女性。公共管理（比例死亡率=1.39）和公司和企业管理（比例死亡率=1.39）以及社区和社会服务职业（比例死亡率=1.68）的工作年龄男性死者和公用事业行业（比例死亡率=1.20）和保护服务职业（比例死亡率=1.18）的女性死者的比例死亡率最高。
COVID-19 死亡率和比例死亡率因性别、行业和职业群体而异。这些发现强调了工作场所公共卫生干预措施的重要性，这些措施可以保护工人及其社区。
