Kiełb Paweł, Kaczorowski Maciej, Kowalczyk Kamil, Piotrowska Aleksandra, Nowak Łukasz, Krajewski Wojciech, Gurwin Adam, Dudek Krzysztof, Dzięgiel Piotr, Hałoń Agnieszka, Szydełko Tomasz, Małkiewicz Bartosz
University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Front Oncol. 2023 Sep 18;13:1265788. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265788. eCollection 2023.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for PCa. Previous studies have found that Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is overexpressed in various cancers, including PCa. We examined GOLPH3 expression in PCa cells from primary tumor and, as the first, also in metastatic lymph nodes to assess its potential as a new risk factor for PCa progression.
The study included 78 patients diagnosed with lymph node-positive PCa confirmed in the postoperative material. All the patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with extended lymphadenectomy. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, and their histopathological specimens were selected for further analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed and the expression of GOLPH3 was assessed by an experienced uropathologist using an immunoreactive scale (IRS). A correlational analysis of the obtained data with the clinicopathological data of patients was performed.
A positive IHC reaction for GOLPH3 was observed in all samples. IRS score for GOLPH3 expression was higher in the metastatic lymph nodes than in the prostate (not statistically significant; p=0.056). Several significant correlations were identified in connection with GOLPH3 expression levels in the prostate and metastatic lymph node tissues. No significant correlations were found between GOLPH3 expression and patient characteristics (e.g. BMI, EAU risk group, or preoperative PSA level), pathological features, or postoperative outcomes. However, we found that lymphovascular invasion (LVI) tended to be more common in patients with a higher percentage of GOLPH3-positive cells (p=0.02). We also found a positive association between the intensity of GOLPH3 staining in metastatic lymph nodes and the EAU classification. Finally, we found a significant negative correlation between the GOLPH3 expression and the efficacy of RP - the higher the expression of GOLPH3, the lower the efficacy of RP was (p<0.05).
GOLPH3 is expressed in both prostate and metastatic lymph nodes, with higher expression in metastatic lymph nodes. High GOLPH3 expression was associated with the occurrence of LVI, higher-risk group in the EAU classification, and lower efficacy of the RP, but there was no significant correlation with other pathological features or postoperative outcomes.
前列腺癌（PCa）是全球男性中第二常见的诊断癌症。淋巴结转移是PCa的一个不良预后因素。先前的研究发现，高尔基体磷蛋白3（GOLPH3）在包括PCa在内的各种癌症中均有过表达。我们检测了原发性肿瘤PCa细胞中GOLPH3的表达情况，并且首次检测了转移性淋巴结中的GOLPH3表达，以评估其作为PCa进展新危险因素的可能性。
该研究纳入了78例经术后材料确诊为淋巴结阳性PCa的患者。所有患者均接受了根治性前列腺切除术（RP）及扩大淋巴结清扫术。对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并选取其组织病理学标本进行进一步分析。进行免疫组织化学（IHC）染色，由一位经验丰富的泌尿病理学家使用免疫反应评分（IRS）评估GOLPH3的表达。对获得的数据与患者的临床病理数据进行相关性分析。
在所有样本中均观察到GOLPH3的阳性IHC反应。GOLPH3表达的IRS评分在转移性淋巴结中高于前列腺（无统计学意义；p = 0.056）。在前列腺和转移性淋巴结组织中，发现了与GOLPH3表达水平相关的几个显著相关性。未发现GOLPH3表达与患者特征（如BMI、欧洲泌尿外科学会风险组或术前PSA水平）、病理特征或术后结果之间存在显著相关性。然而，我们发现，在GOLPH3阳性细胞百分比更高的患者中，淋巴管浸润（LVI）往往更常见（p = 0.02）。我们还发现转移性淋巴结中GOLPH3染色强度与欧洲泌尿外科学会分类之间存在正相关。最后，我们发现GOLPH3表达与RP疗效之间存在显著负相关——GOLPH3表达越高，RP疗效越低（p < 0.05）。
GOLPH3在前列腺和转移性淋巴结中均有表达，在转移性淋巴结中表达更高。GOLPH3高表达与LVI的发生、欧洲泌尿外科学会分类中的高风险组以及RP疗效较低相关，但与其他病理特征或术后结果无显著相关性。
