Watkins J
Br J Hosp Med. 1986 Jul;36(1):45-8.
There is an increasing awareness of adverse drug reactions and particularly those relating to anaesthesia and surgery where a wide variety of substances may be administered intravenously. The intravenous route offers considerable therapeutic and diagnostic advantage to the clinician. With pharmacologically active drugs the route avoids drug deactivation by digestive enzymes and first-pass hepatic metabolism. With large volumes of fluids, electrolytes, blood, blood fractions and their substitutes it is the only possible way of administration.
人们越来越意识到药物不良反应，尤其是与麻醉和手术相关的不良反应，在这些情况下可能会静脉注射多种药物。静脉途径为临床医生提供了相当大的治疗和诊断优势。对于具有药理活性的药物，该途径可避免药物被消化酶灭活和肝脏首过代谢。对于大量的液体、电解质、血液、血液成分及其替代品，这是唯一可行的给药方式。
