Brehm Thomas Theo, Terhalle Elena
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2023 Sep;148(19):1242-1249. doi: 10.1055/a-1937-8186. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The site of involvement can vary widely, with common sites including the lymph nodes, pleura, skin, ear, nose and throat, genitourinary system, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, and central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary TB are diverse and often non-specific. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, imaging, histopathology, and microbiology. Treatment of extrapulmonary TB generally follows similar principles to pulmonary TB, but the duration of treatment depends on the site of involvement and the extent of the disease. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for the timely recognition and effective management of extrapulmonary TB cases.
肺外结核病带来了独特的诊断和治疗挑战。受累部位差异很大,常见部位包括淋巴结、胸膜、皮肤、耳、鼻、喉、泌尿生殖系统、心包、胃肠道、骨骼和关节以及中枢神经系统。肺外结核病的临床表现多种多样,且往往不具有特异性。诊断基于临床怀疑、影像学、组织病理学和微生物学的综合判断。肺外结核病的治疗一般遵循与肺结核相似的原则,但治疗疗程取决于受累部位和疾病范围。提高医疗服务提供者的认识对于及时识别和有效管理肺外结核病例至关重要。