Heye T, Stoijkovic M, Kauczor H-U, Junghanss T, Hosch W
Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg.
Rofo. 2011 Nov;183(11):1019-29. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1273429. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the infectious diseases with the world's highest rates of avoidable morbidity and mortality. A continuing downward trend has only been observed in highly industrialized countries, including Germany with 4,400 cases in the year 2009 representing an incidence of 5.5 per 100,000 persons. At the same time, the exposure to this patient group and the clinical experience are decreasing. Tuberculosis may affect any organ. The lung was the manifestation site in 80% of cases, and extrapulmonary manifestations were recorded in 20% of cases in Germany in the year 2008. Lymph node involvement is most common with a rate of approximately 50% of all extrapulmonary cases followed by the pleura in 18% of cases, genitourinary tract in 13% of cases, bones and joints in 6% of cases, gastrointestinal tract in 6% of cases, the central nervous system in 3% of cases and the spine in 3% of cases. Symptoms like fever, night sweats and weight loss are non-specific and may be absent. The aim of the review is to raise awareness of this disease, which is increasingly falling into oblivion, with its various radiological manifestations and to point out clinical-epidemiological and demographic factors that raise suspicion of tuberculosis.
结核病仍然是世界上可避免发病和死亡发生率最高的传染病之一。仅在高度工业化国家观察到持续下降的趋势，包括德国，2009年有4400例病例，发病率为每10万人5.5例。与此同时，与该患者群体的接触以及临床经验正在减少。结核病可累及任何器官。2008年在德国，肺部是80%病例的表现部位，20%的病例有肺外表现。淋巴结受累最为常见，约占所有肺外病例的50%，其次是胸膜（18%）、泌尿生殖道（13%）、骨骼和关节（6%）、胃肠道（6%）、中枢神经系统（3%）和脊柱（3%）。发热、盗汗和体重减轻等症状不具有特异性，可能不存在。本综述的目的是提高对这种日益被遗忘的疾病及其各种放射学表现的认识，并指出引起结核病怀疑的临床流行病学和人口统计学因素。
