Kuzmina V A, Pinchuk P V, Leonov S V
Main State Centre of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Examinations, Moscow, Russia.
N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Sud Med Ekspert. 2023;66(5):40-42. doi: 10.17116/sudmed20236605140.
The aim of the experimental study was to establish the transfer of obstacle's composite material (foamed concrete, magnesite concrete, porcelain stoneware, galvanized sheet steel, wood particle board) by the gunshot projectile on firing by rounds sized 5.45´39 from the special shortened Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKS-74U). The shots were fired through various types of obstacles on different parts of animal carcasses from a distance of 3-5 m. Bullets and their fragments, extracted from the bullet trap or the biological target tissue, after appropriate processing were studied by «Leika M125» microscope, «Hitachi FlexSem1000 II» scanning electronic microscope and «Bruker Quantax 80» energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer. The conducted light microscopy of gunshot projectiles' fragments, which had overcome the obstacle, revealed the presence of a specific deformation of the bullet head at its penetration of each type of investigated obstacles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) have revealed in each case the presence of obstacle particles overlaying over the entire surface of either deformed bullets or their fragments. The performed experimental study has shown that it is possible to establish the fact of person's gunshot injury through a composite obstacle by the use of SEM/EDX.
该实验研究的目的是确定在使用特殊缩短型卡拉什尼科夫突击步枪（AKS - 74U）发射5.45×39口径子弹时，障碍物的复合材料（泡沫混凝土、菱镁矿混凝土、瓷质炻器、镀锌钢板、木质刨花板）被枪弹击中后的转移情况。从3至5米的距离对动物尸体不同部位的各种类型障碍物开枪射击。从子弹收集器或生物目标组织中取出的子弹及其碎片，经过适当处理后，使用“徕卡M125”显微镜、“日立FlexSem1000 II”扫描电子显微镜和“布鲁克Quantax 80”能量色散X射线光谱仪进行研究。对穿透障碍物的枪弹碎片进行的光学显微镜检查显示，子弹头部在穿透每种被研究障碍物时存在特定变形。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线分析（EDX）在每种情况下均显示，在变形子弹或其碎片的整个表面上存在障碍物颗粒。所进行的实验研究表明，利用扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线分析（SEM/EDX）能够确定人员是否通过复合障碍物遭受枪伤这一事实。
