Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Vis. 2023 Oct 4;23(12):2. doi: 10.1167/jov.23.12.2.
Occlusion, or interposition, is one of the strongest and best-known pictorial cues to depth. Furthermore, the successive occlusions of previous objects by newly presented objects produces an impression of increasing depth. Although the perceived motion associated with this illusion has been studied, the depth percept has not. To investigate, participants were presented with two piles of disks with one always static and the other either a static pile or a stacking pile where a new disk was added every 200 ms. We found static piles with equal number of disks appeared equal in height. In contrast, the successive presentation of disks in the stacking condition appeared to enhance the perceived height of the stack-fewer disks were needed to match the static pile. Surprisingly, participants were also more precise when comparing stacking versus static piles of disks. Reversing the stacking by removing rather than adding disks reversed the bias and degraded precision. In follow-up experiments, we used nonoverlapping static and dynamic configurations to show that the effects are not due to simple differences in perceived numerosity. In sum, our results show that successive occlusions generate a greater sense of height than occlusion alone, and we posit that dynamic occlusion may be an underappreciated source of depth information.
遮挡或插入是深度知觉最强有力和最著名的图像线索之一。此外,先前物体被新呈现的物体连续遮挡会产生深度增加的印象。尽管已经研究了与这种错觉相关的感知运动,但深度知觉尚未研究。为了进行调查,参与者被呈现出两堆磁盘,其中一堆总是静态的,另一堆要么是静态堆,要么是堆叠堆,每隔 200 毫秒添加一个新磁盘。我们发现,具有相同数量磁盘的静态堆看起来高度相等。相比之下,在堆叠条件下连续呈现磁盘似乎增加了堆叠的感知高度——需要更少的磁盘来匹配静态堆。令人惊讶的是,参与者在比较堆叠和静态磁盘堆时也更加精确。通过移除而不是添加磁盘来反转堆叠会反转这种偏差并降低精度。在后续实验中,我们使用不重叠的静态和动态配置表明,这些效果不是由于感知数量的简单差异造成的。总之,我们的结果表明,连续遮挡比单独遮挡产生更大的高度感,我们假设动态遮挡可能是深度信息的一个被低估的来源。