Department of Psychology, College of Education Science, Hubei Normal University.
Department of Psychology, University of Macau.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2024 Mar;126(3):461-476. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000440. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
Based on the need-threat model, we hypothesized that "warmth rejection" threatens belongingness more than "competence rejection," whereas competence rejection threatens sense of efficacy more than warmth rejection. To restore threatened belongingness, warmth (vs. competence) rejection was predicted to result in higher affiliative responses. In contrast, to restore the threatened sense of efficacy, competence (vs. warmth) rejection would lead to higher self-focus. Across six studies, we found that the participants exhibited more affiliative responses after being rejected due to low warmth than due to low competence (Studies 1-6), whereas they became more self-focused after being rejected due to low competence than due to low warmth (Studies 3-6). Furthermore, the effect of warmth rejection on affiliation was mediated by perceived threat to belongingness (Studies 4-6), whereas the effect of competence rejection on self-focus was mediated by perceived threat to control and belongingness (Studies 4-6). The studies provided converging evidence that the effects of social rejection depend on the perception of why rejection occurs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
基于需要-威胁模型，我们假设“温暖拒绝”比“能力拒绝”更能威胁归属感，而能力拒绝比温暖拒绝更能威胁效能感。为了恢复受到威胁的归属感，与能力（相比温暖）拒绝相比，温暖（相比能力）拒绝预计会导致更高的亲和反应。相比之下，为了恢复受到威胁的效能感，能力（相比温暖）拒绝会导致更高的自我关注。在六项研究中，我们发现，与因能力低而被拒绝相比，参与者因温暖程度低而被拒绝后表现出更多的亲和反应（研究 1-6），而与因温暖程度低而被拒绝相比，他们因能力低而被拒绝后更加关注自我（研究 3-6）。此外，温暖拒绝对亲和的影响是通过感知归属感受到威胁来介导的（研究 4-6），而能力拒绝对自我关注的影响是通过感知控制和归属感受到威胁来介导的（研究 4-6）。这些研究提供了一致的证据，表明社会拒绝的影响取决于对拒绝原因的感知。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
