Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2023 Sep 26;28(9):225. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2809225.
During aging, the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes known as immunosenescence, a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays an important role in most chronic diseases in older people. Among the determinants of immunosenescence, we find a low-grade sterile chronic inflammation, known as "inflamm-aging". This condition of chronic inflammation causes a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger antibody and cellular responses effective against infections and vaccinations. In this review, we wanted to explore the role of immunosenescence and inflamm-aging as determinants of the immunological aging process and predisposing viral infections phenomena, with a particular reference to cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), influenza virus (IFV) diseases and SARS-CoV2. IS aging is also reflected in a reduction in the antibody response to vaccinations, hence there is a need to expand trials to elderly patients, in order to identify the most appropriate methods for developing effective and safe vaccination and preventive strategies.
随着年龄的增长，免疫系统 (IS) 会发生显著变化，这种变化被称为免疫衰老，是一种多因素的动态现象，影响自然和获得性免疫，并在老年人的大多数慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。在免疫衰老的决定因素中，我们发现了一种低度非传染性慢性炎症，称为“炎症衰老”。这种慢性炎症状态导致触发针对感染和疫苗的有效抗体和细胞反应的能力逐渐下降。在这篇综述中，我们想探讨免疫衰老和炎症衰老作为免疫衰老过程和易感性病毒感染现象的决定因素的作用，特别提到巨细胞病毒 (CMV)、水痘带状疱疹病毒 (VZV)、流感病毒 (IFV) 疾病和 SARS-CoV2。IS 衰老还反映在疫苗接种的抗体反应减少，因此需要扩大对老年患者的试验，以确定制定有效和安全的疫苗接种和预防策略的最合适方法。
