Lovasova Veronika, Bem Robert, Chlupac Jaroslav, Dubsky Michal, Husakova Jitka, Nemcova Andrea, Fronek Jiri
Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Vascul Pharmacol. 2023 Dec;153:107237. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107237. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the available animal models of ischemic limbs, and to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model and individual method of limb ischemia creation.
A review of literature was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science pages. Various types of experimental animals and surgical approaches used in creating ischemic limbs were evaluated. Other outcomes of interest were the specific characteristics of the individual experimental animals, and duration of tissue ischemia.
The most commonly used experimental animals were mice, followed by rabbits, rats, pigs, miniature pigs, and sheep. Single or double arterial ligation and excision of the entire femoral artery was the most often used method of ischemic limb creation. Other methods comprised single or double arterial electrocoagulation, use of ameroid constrictors, photochemically induced thrombosis, and different types of endovascular methods. The shortest duration of tissue ischemia was 7 days, the longest 90 days.
This review shows that mice are among the most commonly used animals in limb ischemia research. Simple ligation and excision of the femoral artery is the most common method of creating an ischemic limb; nevertheless, it can result in acute rather than chronic ischemia. A two-stage sequential approach and methods using ameroid constrictors or endovascular blinded stent grafts are more suitable for creating a gradual arterial occlusion typically seen in humans. Selecting the right mouse strain or animal with artificially produced diabetes or hyperlipidaemia is crucial in chronic ischemic limb research. Moreover, the observation period following the onset of ischemia should last at least 14 days, preferably 4 weeks.
本系统评价的目的是总结现有的肢体缺血动物模型，并概述每种动物模型及肢体缺血创建的个体方法的优缺点。
使用PubMed和Web of Science页面进行文献综述。评估了用于创建肢体缺血的各种实验动物类型和手术方法。其他感兴趣的结果是个体实验动物的具体特征以及组织缺血持续时间。
最常用的实验动物是小鼠，其次是兔子、大鼠、猪、小型猪和绵羊。单动脉或双动脉结扎以及整个股动脉切除是最常用的创建肢体缺血的方法。其他方法包括单动脉或双动脉电凝、使用阿梅里德缩窄环、光化学诱导血栓形成以及不同类型的血管内方法。组织缺血最短持续时间为7天，最长为90天。
本综述表明，小鼠是肢体缺血研究中最常用的动物之一。股动脉简单结扎和切除是创建肢体缺血最常见的方法；然而，它可能导致急性而非慢性缺血。两阶段序贯方法以及使用阿梅里德缩窄环或血管内盲法支架移植物的方法更适合创建人类常见的逐渐动脉闭塞。在慢性肢体缺血研究中，选择合适的小鼠品系或人工产生糖尿病或高脂血症的动物至关重要。此外，缺血发作后的观察期应至少持续14天，最好为4周。
