Li Qi, Wang Shuai, Liu Fang-Jun, Jiang Xiao-Cui, Yang Li-Min, Yang Li
Co-construction State Key Laboratory Base of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118, China.
Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science Changchun 130118, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Sep;48(17):4647-4654. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230414.103.
To explore the suitable fertilizing pattern for Saposhnikovia divaricata in the genuine producing area, a field trial was carried out to investigate the changes in the yield and quality of medicinal materials and soil in different fertilization patterns, such as organic fertilizer substitution(organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer) and chemical fertilizer reduction(organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer decrement and organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer decrement+soil conditioner). The comprehensive analysis of all treatments was based on the medicine quality evaluation data set and soil quality evaluation data set, respectively, by CRITIC weight method. The results showed that(1) the yield of S. divaricate increased by 4.93%-12.67% under the organic fertilizer substitution mode, and the yield increased by 44.43% under the treatment of chemical fertilizer reduction YHT15, which was higher than that of the organic fertilizer substitution mode.(2) The quality of S. divaricate under the two fertilization modes was superior to the standard in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the application of biochar was helpful to improve the quality of S. divaricate quality, with an increase of 82.83%-181.54%. CRITIC method analysis showed that fertilization treatments with high comprehensive scores were YHT15, YH30, and YH15.(3) Soil quality under the two fertilization modes was higher than that under the control. The fertilization treatments with higher comprehensive scores of soil quality were YHT15, YHT30, and YHT. The fertilization mode of adding biochar as soil conditioner, applying an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer, and reducing part of chemical fertilizer is the appropriate way to develop ecological plantation of S. divaricata in the Baicheng area in the western Jilin province. The specific fertilization mode is as follows. The basic fertilizer was 361 kg·hm(-2) superphosphate+110 kg·hm(-2) potassium sulfate+82 kg·hm(-2) organic fertilizer+10 000 kg·hm(-2) rice husk biochar, and urea was applied as top fertilizer three times, 29, 29, and 20 kg·hm~(-2), respectively.
为探索道地产区防风的适宜施肥模式，开展田间试验，研究有机肥替代（有机肥+氮磷钾化肥）和减施化肥（有机肥+氮磷钾化肥减量、有机肥+氮磷钾化肥减量+土壤调理剂）等不同施肥模式下药材产量、品质及土壤的变化情况。分别基于药材质量评价数据集和土壤质量评价数据集，采用CRITIC权重法对各处理进行综合分析。结果表明：（1）有机肥替代模式下防风产量提高了4.93%-12.67%，减施化肥处理YHT15下产量提高了44.43%，高于有机肥替代模式。（2）两种施肥模式下防风品质均优于《中国药典》标准，施用生物炭有助于提高防风品质，增幅为82.83%-181.54%。CRITIC法分析表明综合得分较高的施肥处理为YHT15、YH30和YH15。（3）两种施肥模式下土壤质量均高于对照。土壤质量综合得分较高的施肥处理为YHT15、YHT30和YHT。添加生物炭作为土壤调理剂、施用适量有机肥并减施部分化肥的施肥模式是吉林省西部白城地区发展防风生态种植的适宜方式。具体施肥模式如下：基肥为361 kg·hm⁻²过磷酸钙+110 kg·hm⁻²硫酸钾+82 kg·hm⁻²有机肥+10 000 kg·hm⁻²稻壳生物炭，追肥分3次施用尿素，分别为29、29和20 kg·hm⁻²。
