Wang Yuying, Yu Dongmei, Duan Yifan, Guo Qiya, Pang Xuehong, Xu Xiaoli, Wang Jie, Bi Ye, Yang Zhenyu, Zhao Liyun
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2023 Sep;52(5):691-697. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.05.001.
To describe the feeding status and related factors of infant and young child aged 6-23 months in China.
Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-17 Years Old Children and Lactating Women in 2016-2017, and 20 423 children aged 6-23 months were involved in 275 surveillance sites from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities). The introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency were analyzed with WHO and UNICEF 2021 updated infant and young child feeding indicators. Data analyses were conducted using the complex weight based on national census from National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Rao-Scott Chi-square was used test for statistical difference.
The percentage of infants 6-8 months of age who consumed solid, semi-solid or soft foods was 83.2%(95%CI 80.5%-85.9%) in 2016-2017. No significant difference were observed between boys and girls; there was significant difference in different areas(Rao-Scott χ~2=30.85, P<0.01), it was 90.3% in medium and small cities, and reached 75.0% even in poor rural areas. The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum dietary diversity(MDD) was 60.6%(95%CI 58.1%-63.1%). It was 71.1% in medium and small cities, and 50.5% in poor rural areas. Except for breast milk, the percentage of eggs(34.4%) and legumes(19.0%) consumption was low, the percentage of grains, vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables consumption was 89.7%(95%CI 88.4%-91.1%). The percentage of consuming egg and/or flesh food was 76.4%(95%CI 74.2%-78.7%). The percentage of zero vegetables or fruits consumption was 9.1%(95%CI 7.8%-10.4%). The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum meal frequency(MMF) was 72.4%(95%CI 70.1%-74.7%). It was over 70% in large cities, medium and small cities, general rural areas; and 60.2% in poor rural areas. The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum acceptable diet was 43.4%(95%CI 40.7%-46.1%), it was over 50% in urban areas, and less than 40% in rural areas, 30.1% in poor rural areas. No consistent differences were observed between boys and girls for all 3 indicators(MDD, MMF and MAD), and there was significant difference in different areas and various months of age(P<0.01).
There was no gender difference in the feeding status of children aged 6-23 months in China, the complementary feeding was relatively timely, and the minimum dietary diversity and meal frequency of children were relatively ideal, but the minimum acceptable diet of children in poor rural areas was poor.
描述中国6至23个月婴幼儿的喂养状况及相关因素。
数据来自2016 - 2017年中国0至17岁儿童及哺乳期妇女营养与健康监测，31个省（自治区、直辖市）的275个监测点纳入了20423名6至23个月的儿童。采用世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会2021年更新的婴幼儿喂养指标，分析固体、半固体或软食物的引入情况、最小饮食多样性、最小进餐频率。数据分析采用基于2010年国家统计局全国人口普查的复合权重。采用Rao - Scott卡方检验统计差异。
2016 - 2017年，6至8个月龄婴幼儿食用固体、半固体或软食物的比例为83.2%（95%CI 80.5% - 85.9%）。男孩和女孩之间未观察到显著差异；不同地区存在显著差异（Rao - Scott χ² = 30.85，P < 0.01），中小城市为90.3%，即使在贫困农村地区也达到75.0%。6至23个月龄儿童达到最小饮食多样性（MDD）的比例为60.6%（95%CI 58.1% - 63.1%）。中小城市为71.1%，贫困农村地区为50.5%。除母乳外，蛋类（34.4%）和豆类（19.0%）的食用比例较低，谷物、富含维生素A的水果或蔬菜的食用比例为89.7%（95%CI 88.4% - 91.1%）。食用蛋类和/或肉类食物的比例为76.4%（95%CI 74.2% - 78.7%）。零蔬菜或水果食用的比例为9.1%（95%CI 7.8% - 10.4%）。6至23个月龄儿童达到最小进餐频率（MMF）的比例为72.4%（95%CI 70.1% - 74.7%）。大城市、中小城市、一般农村地区均超过70%；贫困农村地区为60.2%。6至23个月龄儿童达到最低可接受饮食的比例为43.4%（95%CI 40.7% - 46.1%），城市地区超过50%，农村地区低于40%，贫困农村地区为30.1%。在所有3项指标（MDD、MMF和MAD）上，男孩和女孩之间均未观察到一致的差异，不同地区和不同月龄存在显著差异（P < 0.01）。
中国6至23个月龄儿童的喂养状况不存在性别差异，辅食添加相对及时，儿童的最小饮食多样性和进餐频率相对理想，但贫困农村地区儿童的最低可接受饮食较差。
