Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Mar;124(3):1015-1025. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05326-w. Epub 2023 Oct 7.
To investigate performance, physiological, and perceptual responses of an entire sprint cross-country skiing competition in the skating style.
Eighteen national-level male junior skiers participated in a simulated competition comprising an individual time trial (TT), followed by three heats (quarterfinals [QF], semifinals [SF], and final [F]). Participants' heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored while perceived readiness (RED, 1-10), rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 6-20), and blood lactate [La-] were assessed at standardized time points.
The total duration and distance covered were 03:30 ± 00:06 h and 25.2 ± 2.9 km, respectively. The participants spent 02:19 ± 00:27 h > 60% of their maximal HR (HR) and 00:16 ± 00:04 h > 85% of HR. Average HR decreased from TT to F (89.3 ± 2.0% vs. 86.9 ± 3.0% of HR, P < 0.01). [La-] levels were highest before (4.6 ± 2.0 vs. 2.9 ± 1.2, 3.2 ± 2.0 and 2.5 ± 1.3 mmol·L, all P < 0.01) and after (10.8 ± 1.4 vs. 9.8 ± 1.6, 9.1 ± 1.8 and 8.7 ± 1.7 mmol·L, all P < 0.05) F compared to TT, QF, and SF, respectively. RED was lowest before F compared to TT, QF, and SF (6.6 ± 1.4 vs. 7.9 ± 1.1, 7.6 ± 1.1, and 7.4 ± 1.4, respectively, all P < 0.05) while RPE was highest after TT compared to QF, SF, and F (17.8 ± 0.9 vs. 15.1 ± 2.0, 16.5 ± 1.2 and 16.6 ± 1.8, respectively, all P < 0.01). The six best-performing skiers demonstrated higher RED before F (7.2 ± 0.9 vs. 5.3 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) and higher [La-] after F (11.2 ± 0.2 vs. 10.2 ± 0.3, mmol·L, P < 0.05) than lower-performing competitors.
This study provides novel insights into physiological demands of an entire sprint cross-country skiing competition, which involves repeated 3-min high-intensity efforts interspersed with > 2 h (25 km) of low- to moderate-intensity exercise.
研究在滑冰式全距离越野滑雪比赛中运动员的表现、生理和感知反应。
18 名国家级男青少年滑雪运动员参加了一项模拟比赛，包括个人计时赛（TT），随后是三轮（四分之一决赛[QF]、半决赛[SF]和决赛[F]）。参与者的心率（HR）持续监测，同时评估感知准备程度（RED，1-10）、感知用力程度（RPE，6-20）和血乳酸 [La-]在标准化时间点进行评估。
总持续时间和覆盖距离分别为 03:30±00:06 h 和 25.2±2.9 km。参与者花费 02:19±00:27 h 超过 60%的最大 HR（HR）和 00:16±00:04 h 超过 85%的 HR。平均 HR 从 TT 下降到 F（89.3±2.0%与 86.9±3.0%的 HR，P<0.01）。[La-]水平在 F 之前（4.6±2.0 vs. 2.9±1.2，3.2±2.0 和 2.5±1.3 mmol·L，均 P<0.01）和之后（10.8±1.4 vs. 9.8±1.6，9.1±1.8 和 8.7±1.7 mmol·L，均 P<0.05）均高于 TT、QF 和 SF。与 TT、QF 和 SF 相比，F 之前的 RED 最低（6.6±1.4 vs. 7.9±1.1，7.6±1.1 和 7.4±1.4，均 P<0.05），而 TT 之后的 RPE 最高（17.8±0.9 vs. 15.1±2.0，16.5±1.2 和 16.6±1.8，均 P<0.01）。表现最好的六名滑雪运动员在 F 之前的 RED 更高（7.2±0.9 vs. 5.3±1.2，P<0.05），F 之后的 [La-]更高（11.2±0.2 vs. 10.2±0.3，mmol·L，P<0.05）比表现较差的竞争对手。
本研究提供了关于整个短跑越野滑雪比赛生理需求的新见解，其中包括重复进行 3 分钟的高强度努力，穿插超过 2 小时（25 公里）的低至中等强度运动。
