College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Nov 1;252:110984. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110984. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
Provide evidence on racial and ethnic differences in biomarkers of exposure from rising e-cigarette use among U.S. adults.
Data were drawn from Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (September 2013-November 2019). Differences in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm (BOE/BoPH) across non-Hispanic (NH)-Whites, NH Blacks, Hispanic/Latinos, and NH others were examined using generalized estimation equations.
Among exclusive e-cigarette users, mean concentrations of BOEs/BoPHs were not significantly different across NH Blacks (n=97), NH others (n=122), and NH Whites (n=1062), after adjustment by wave, age, sex, education, exposure to the secondhand smoke, and the number of recent puffs. Compared to NH Whites, Hispanics (n=151) had lower concentrations of nicotine equivalents (0.5[0.2-1.7] vs. 15.5 [12.5-19.1] nmol/mg creatinine, p<.0001), cotinine (33.4[9.7-114.7] vs. 1008.3 [808.3-1257.9] ng/mg creatinine, p<.0001), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) (2.6[1.5-4.4] vs. 5.7 [4.9-6.6] pg/mg creatinine, p=.004), but similar concentrations of BOEs for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and oxidative stress. Differences between Hispanics and NH Whites are expected, given different e-cigarette use profiles. Specifically, Hispanics were less likely to be daily vapers (49.4[35.1-63.8]% vs 81.3[77.7-84.5]%, p<.0001) and nicotine e-cigarette users (72.7 [64.0-79.9]% vs. 89.2 [86.4-91.5]%, p=.0002] and reported a lower number of recent puffs (mean[standard error]=16.7[3.6] vs. 28.6[2.0], p=.02] than their NH-White counterparts. Hispanic vapers were also less likely than NH Whites to have previously smoked cigarettes (49.7 [37.2-62.3]% vs. 88.5 [84.7-91.5]%, p<.0001]).
Hispanic vapers exhibited lower exposure to nicotine metabolites and carcinogens than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The harm reduction potential from e-cigarette use are likely to be realized across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
提供美国成年人电子烟使用量上升导致的暴露生物标志物的种族和民族差异的证据。
数据来自人口烟草与健康评估研究的第 1-5 波（2013 年 9 月至 2019 年 11 月）。使用广义估计方程检查非西班牙裔白人（NH-白人）、非西班牙裔黑人（NH-黑人）、西班牙裔/拉丁裔（西班牙裔）和 NH 其他人（NH 其他人）之间暴露和潜在危害生物标志物（BOE/BoPH）的差异。
在纯电子烟使用者中，在调整波次、年龄、性别、教育程度、二手烟暴露和最近吸烟量后，NH-黑人（n=97）、NH 其他人（n=122）和 NH 白人（n=1062）之间的 BOEs/BoPHs 浓度没有显著差异。与 NH 白人相比，西班牙裔（n=151）的尼古丁当量浓度较低（0.5[0.2-1.7]与 15.5 [12.5-19.1] nmol/mg 肌酐，p<.0001）、可替宁（33.4[9.7-114.7]与 1008.3 [808.3-1257.9] ng/mg 肌酐，p<.0001）和 4-（甲基亚硝氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）（2.6[1.5-4.4]与 5.7 [4.9-6.6] pg/mg 肌酐，p=.004），但重金属、多环芳烃、挥发性有机化合物和氧化应激的 BOEs 浓度相似。考虑到不同的电子烟使用情况，西班牙裔和 NH 白人之间的差异是可以预期的。具体而言，西班牙裔人不太可能是每日吸食者（49.4[35.1-63.8]%与 81.3[77.7-84.5]%，p<.0001）和尼古丁电子烟使用者（72.7 [64.0-79.9]%与 89.2 [86.4-91.5]%，p=.0002），并且报告的最近吸烟量较少（平均值[标准误差]=16.7[3.6]与 28.6[2.0]，p=.02）比他们的 NH-白人同行。西班牙裔吸烟者也比 NH 白人更不可能以前吸烟（49.7 [37.2-62.3]%与 88.5 [84.7-91.5]%，p<.0001）。
西班牙裔电子烟使用者的尼古丁代谢物和致癌物暴露水平低于非西班牙裔白人。电子烟的减少危害潜力可能在不同种族和族裔群体中得到实现。
