Nekoukhou Marjan, Fallah Sina, Pokhrel Lok Raj, Abbasi-Surki Ali, Rostamnejadi Ali
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167519. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167519. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
Individual nanoparticle application has been documented to promote plant production; however, whether co-application of two nanoparticles (NPs) is more sustainable and significantly promotes plant production is unclear. Herein, foliar co-applications of two NPs or their conventional fertilizer forms on the growth, micronutrient (copper and zinc) enrichment, primary productivity, and essential oil (EO) production in a medicinal annual, dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), were investigated. Treatments included 1:1 ratio of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs):copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) (40-400 mg/L), and compared with individual NPs, individual zinc suspension (ZnS) and chelated copper (chelated-Cu), and their combination, at equivalent concentrations. Results showed that the highest bioenrichment of Zn and Cu was observed with 80-160 mg/L ZnS+chelated-Cu, 400 mg/L ZnONPs+CuONPs, or ionic combination treatments. A dose-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde was observed with co-treatment of NPs or ions, and oxidative stress responses were higher with NPs or ions co-treatment than individual treatment. With 160 mg/L ZnONPs+CuONPs treatment, total chlorophyll, aboveground biomass, and essential oil production increased significantly compared to control, 160 mg/L CuONPs, and 160 mg/L ZnONPs (227, 157 and 823 %; 58, 79, and 51 %; and 46, 80, and 3 %, respectively). Flavonoid and anthocyanin content also increased significantly (58 and 50 %, respectively) with ZnONPs+CuONPs compared to ZnS+chelated-Cu and were higher than ZnONPs or CuONPs alone by 10 and 25 %, and 37 and 36 %, respectively. More importantly, EO production and quality improved with 160 mg/L ZnONPs+CuONPs treatment compared to control. Taken together, our findings showed that foliar co-treatment of 160 mg/L ZnONPs+CuONPs could significantly improve primary productivity, aboveground biomass, and EO quality and yield in dragonhead grown in semi-arid field conditions; and thus, 160 mg/L ZnONPs+CuONPs is recommended as an optimal foliar co-treatment strategy for promoting sustainable plant production in semi-arid regions where soil nutrients and water are limiting factors inhibiting crop yield.
已有文献记载，单独施用纳米颗粒可促进植物生长；然而，两种纳米颗粒（NPs）联合施用是否更具可持续性并能显著促进植物生长尚不清楚。在此，研究了两种纳米颗粒或其传统肥料形式叶面联合施用对一年生药用植物龙头草（Dracocephalum moldavica L.）生长、微量营养元素（铜和锌）富集、初级生产力和精油（EO）产量的影响。处理包括按1:1比例的氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）：氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuONPs）（40 - 400毫克/升），并与单独的纳米颗粒、单独的锌悬浮液（ZnS）和螯合铜（螯合 - Cu）及其组合在等效浓度下进行比较。结果表明，在80 - 160毫克/升ZnS + 螯合铜、400毫克/升ZnONPs + CuONPs或离子组合处理下，锌和铜的生物富集量最高。纳米颗粒或离子联合处理时，过氧化氢和丙二醛呈剂量依赖性增加，且纳米颗粒或离子联合处理的氧化应激反应高于单独处理。与对照、160毫克/升CuONPs和160毫克/升ZnONPs相比，160毫克/升ZnONPs + CuONPs处理使总叶绿素、地上生物量和精油产量显著增加（分别为227%、157%和823%；58%、79%和51%；以及46%、80%和3%）。与ZnS + 螯合铜相比，ZnONPs + CuONPs处理的类黄酮和花青素含量也显著增加（分别为58%和50%），且比单独的ZnONPs或CuONPs分别高10%和25%，以及37%和36%。更重要的是，与对照相比，160毫克/升ZnONPs + CuONPs处理提高了精油产量和质量。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，在半干旱田间条件下种植的龙头草中，160毫克/升ZnONPs + CuONPs叶面联合处理可显著提高初级生产力、地上生物量以及精油质量和产量；因此，对于土壤养分和水分是抑制作物产量的限制因素的半干旱地区，建议将160毫克/升ZnONPs + CuONPs作为促进可持续植物生产的最佳叶面联合处理策略。
