Kathirvelan Perumal, Vaishnavi Sonam, Manivannan Venkatesan, Djanaguiraman M, Thiyageshwari S, Parasuraman P, Kalarani M K
Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India.
Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Feb 27;14(5):732. doi: 10.3390/plants14050732.
Maize ( L.) is an important crop grown for food, feed, and energy. In general, maize yield is decreased due to drought stress during the reproductive stages, and, hence, it is critical to improve the grain yield under drought. A field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design. The main factor was the irrigation regime viz. well-irrigated conditions and withholding irrigation from tasseling to grain filling for 21 days. The subplots include six treatments, namely, (i) the control (water spray), (ii) zinc oxide @ 100 ppm, (iii) manganese oxide @ 20 ppm, (iv) nZnO @ 100 ppm + nMnO @ 20 ppm, (v) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) Nano Revive @ 1.0%, and (vi) zinc sulfate 0.25% + manganese sulfate 0.25%. During drought stress, the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), chlorophyll and content, proline, starch, and carbohydrate fractions were recorded. At harvest, the grain-filling rate and duration, per cent green leaf area, and yield traits were recorded. Drought stress increased the proline (38.1%) and anthesis-silking interval (0.45 d) over the irrigated condition. However, the foliar application of ZnO (100 ppm) and nMnO (20 ppm) lowered the ASI and increased the green leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index, and proline content over water spray. The seed-filling rate (17%), seed-filling duration (11%), and seed yield (19%) decreased under drought. Nevertheless, the seed-filling rate (90%), seed-filling duration (13%), and seed yield (52%) were increased by the foliar spraying of nZnO (100 ppm) and nMnO (20 ppm) over water spray. These findings suggest that nZnO and nMnO significantly improve the grain yield of maize under drought stress conditions.
玉米（L.）是一种重要的作物，用于粮食、饲料和能源生产。一般来说，玉米产量在生殖阶段会因干旱胁迫而降低，因此，提高干旱条件下的籽粒产量至关重要。采用裂区设计进行了田间试验。主要因素是灌溉制度，即充分灌溉条件和从抽雄到灌浆期停止灌溉21天。副区包括六种处理，即：（i）对照（喷水），（ii）100 ppm氧化锌，（iii）20 ppm氧化锰，（iv）100 ppm纳米氧化锌 + 20 ppm纳米氧化锰，（v）泰米尔纳德邦农业大学（TNAU）纳米复苏剂1.0%，（vi）0.25%硫酸锌 + 0.25%硫酸锰。在干旱胁迫期间，记录了开花-吐丝间隔（ASI）、叶绿素和含量、脯氨酸、淀粉和碳水化合物组分。收获时，记录了灌浆速率和持续时间、绿叶面积百分比和产量性状。与灌溉条件相比，干旱胁迫使脯氨酸增加了38.1%，开花-吐丝间隔增加了0.45天。然而，叶面喷施氧化锌（100 ppm）和纳米氧化锰（20 ppm）降低了ASI，与喷水相比增加了绿叶面积、叶片叶绿素指数和脯氨酸含量。干旱条件下，籽粒灌浆速率降低了17%，灌浆持续时间降低了11%，种子产量降低了19%。然而，与喷水相比，叶面喷施纳米氧化锌（100 ppm）和纳米氧化锰（20 ppm）使籽粒灌浆速率提高了90%，灌浆持续时间提高了13%，种子产量提高了52%。这些结果表明，纳米氧化锌和纳米氧化锰能显著提高干旱胁迫条件下玉米的籽粒产量。
