Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec;168:115638. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115638. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effect of caper fruit on the modulation of glycemic, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies in the last 10 years. RCTs with caper fruit supplementation or consumption in different cohorts of subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Type-2-Diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia were included in this systematic review with a mean intervention duration from 2 to 12 weeks. The outcomes measured in this meta-analysis were liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the lipid profile represented by triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) with LDL and HDL and also, weight, and fasting blood glucose. Five randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 178 adults, were included. According to the results, caper fruit seems to decrease liver enzymes ALT -12.29 U/L [-24.47, -0.11], AST -2.20 U/L [-4.70, 0.31]. Furthermore, the lipid profile seems to improve with a decrease in triglycerides. -11.89 mg/dL [-33.73, 9.95], LDL -4.80 mg/dL [-16.34, 6.74], HDL 0.72 mg/dL [0.10, 1.34], total cholesterol -7.83 mg/dL [-20.04, 4.38], FPG -17.93 [-42.66, 6.79], weight -1.00 kg [-1.44, -0.56]. Significant modulations were found only for ALT, HDL, and weight. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed the paucity of data available on the topic while showing the potential role of caper fruit as a promising food for improving the liver-lipid profile axis in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估刺山柑果实对血糖、血脂谱、肝酶和体重调节的总体影响。通过谷歌学术、PubMed 和 Scopus 检索了过去 10 年中与非酒精性脂肪肝 (NAFLD)、2 型糖尿病 (T2D)、代谢综合征和高脂血症患者的刺山柑果实补充或消费相关的研究。本系统评价纳入了 RCT 研究，其中包括不同队列的受试者，干预时间从 2 周到 12 周不等。荟萃分析中测量的结果包括肝酶，如天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 和丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)，以及三酰甘油、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 和高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 等血脂谱，还包括体重和空腹血糖。共纳入了 5 项随机对照试验，共涉及 178 名成年人。结果显示，刺山柑果实似乎可以降低肝酶 ALT -12.29 U/L [-24.47, -0.11] 和 AST -2.20 U/L [-4.70, 0.31]。此外，血脂谱似乎也有所改善，三酰甘油降低了 -11.89 mg/dL [-33.73, 9.95]，LDL 降低了 -4.80 mg/dL [-16.34, 6.74]，HDL 升高了 0.72 mg/dL [0.10, 1.34]，总胆固醇降低了 -7.83 mg/dL [-20.04, 4.38]，FPG 降低了 -17.93 mg/dL [-42.66, 6.79]，体重降低了 -1.00 kg [-1.44, -0.56]。仅 ALT、HDL 和体重有显著调节作用。总之，本系统评价和荟萃分析表明，目前关于该主题的数据有限，但显示刺山柑果实作为改善代谢综合征和糖尿病患者肝脏-脂质谱轴的有前途的食物具有潜在作用。需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。
