Suzuki Kodai, Miura Tomotaka, Okada Hideshi
Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan.
Department of Infection Control Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan.
Acute Med Surg. 2023 Oct 4;10(1):e896. doi: 10.1002/ams2.896. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.
The endothelial glycocalyx covers the lumen of blood vessels throughout the body and plays an important role in endothelial homeostasis. Advances in electron microscopy techniques have provided clues to better understand the structure and composition of identical vascular endothelial glycocalyx. The morphology and thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx differ from organ to organ. The content of the endothelial glycocalyx covering the vascular lumen differs even in the brain, heart, and lungs, which have the same continuous capillaries. Various types of inflammation are known to attenuate the endothelial glycocalyx; however, we found that the morphology of the glycocalyx damaged by acute inflammation differed from that damaged by chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation breaks the endothelial glycocalyx unevenly, whereas chronic inflammation leads to the overall shortening of the endothelial glycocalyx. The same drug has different effects on the endothelial glycocalyx, depending on the location of the target blood vessels. This difference in response may reflect not only the size and shape of the endothelial glycocalyx but also the different constituents. In the cardiac tissue, the expression of glypican-1, a core protein of the endothelial glycocalyx, was enhanced. By contrast, in the pulmonary tissue, the expression of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 significantly increased in the treatment group compared with that in the no-treatment group. In this review, we present the latest findings on the evolution of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx and consider the microstructural differences.
血管内皮糖萼覆盖着全身血管的管腔，在内皮稳态中发挥着重要作用。电子显微镜技术的进步为更好地理解相同血管内皮糖萼的结构和组成提供了线索。内皮糖萼的形态和厚度因器官而异。即使在具有相同连续毛细血管的脑、心脏和肺中，覆盖血管管腔的内皮糖萼的成分也有所不同。已知各种类型的炎症会使内皮糖萼变薄；然而，我们发现急性炎症损伤的糖萼形态与慢性炎症损伤的不同。急性炎症会使内皮糖萼不均匀地破裂，而慢性炎症则会导致内皮糖萼整体缩短。同一药物对内皮糖萼的影响因靶血管的位置而异。这种反应差异可能不仅反映了内皮糖萼的大小和形状，还反映了其不同的成分。在心脏组织中，内皮糖萼的核心蛋白磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-1的表达增强。相比之下，在肺组织中，与未治疗组相比，治疗组硫酸乙酰肝素6-O-磺基转移酶1和内皮细胞特异性分子-1的表达显著增加。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了血管内皮糖萼演变的最新发现，并考虑了微观结构差异。
