Warmadewanthi I Dewa Ayu Agung, Ikhlas Nurani, Damayanti Febrianda
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Environmental, And Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
Environmental Sustainability Research Group (ENSI-RG), Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 18;9(9):e20255. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20255. eCollection 2023 Sep.
This study aimed to determine the optimum recirculation ratio and hydraulic loading rate for the recovery process of ammonium and phosphate, and study the formation, morphology, and structure of struvite crystals. This study provides a crystallization method to treat fertilizer wastewater using a continuous system and recirculation, including a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Ammonium and phosphate were recovered from fertilizer industry wastewater using a continuous FBR under different recirculation ratios (3, 6, and 9) and loading rates (0.39 L/min, 0.59 L/min, and 0.79 L/min). MgCl was used as the precipitant with a 1.5:1 molarity ratio [Mg]:[PO]. The results showed that 55.71% phosphate and 49.69% ammonium could be recovered at recirculation ratio and hydraulic loading rate were 9 and 0.39 L/min, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy-energy diffraction X-ray analysis showed that the formed crystals comprised 80% struvite. Further, a high recirculation ratio and low loading rate resulted in higher ammonium and phosphate recovery efficiencies. These results indicated that a long detention time of treated wastewater can increase the nutrient recovery.
本研究旨在确定铵和磷回收过程中的最佳循环比和水力负荷率，并研究鸟粪石晶体的形成、形态和结构。本研究提供了一种使用连续系统和循环（包括流化床反应器（FBR））处理化肥废水的结晶方法。在不同循环比（3、6和9）和负荷率（0.39 L/min、0.59 L/min和0.79 L/min）下，使用连续FBR从化肥工业废水中回收铵和磷。以MgCl作为沉淀剂，镁与磷的摩尔比为1.5:1。结果表明，在循环比和水力负荷率分别为9和0.39 L/min时，磷回收率可达55.71%，铵回收率可达49.69%。扫描电子显微镜-能量衍射X射线分析表明，形成的晶体中鸟粪石占80%。此外，高循环比和低负荷率导致更高的铵和磷回收效率。这些结果表明，处理后废水的较长停留时间可提高养分回收率。
