Avila-Chauvet Laurent, Mejía Cruz Diana, García-Leal Óscar, Kluwe-Schiavon Bruno
Sonora Institute of Technology, Sonora, Mexico.
European University of Madrid, Sonora, Mexico.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 1;9(9):e19714. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19714. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Substance use disorders (SUD) have been related to high criminal justice costs, expensive healthcare, social impairment, and decision-making deficits. In non-social decision-making tasks, people with SUD tend to take more risks and choose small immediate rewards than controls. However, few studies have explored how people with SUD behave in social decision-making situations where the resources and profits depend directly on participants' real-time interaction, i.e., social foraging situations. To fulfill this gap, we developed a real-time interaction task to (a) compare the proportion of producers (individuals who tend to search for food sources) and scroungers (individuals who tend to steal or join previously discovered food sources) among participants with SUD and controls with respect to the optimal behavior predicted by the Rate Maximization Model, and (b) explore the relationship between social foraging strategies, prosocial behavior, and impulsivity. Here participants with SUD (n = 20) and a non-user control group (n = 20) were exposed to the Guaymas Foraging task (GFT), the Social Discounting task (SD), and the Delay Discounting task (DD). We found that participants in the control group tended to produce more and obtain higher profits in contrast to substance abuser groups. Additionally, SD and DD rates were higher for scroungers than producers regardless of the group. Our results suggest that producers tend to be more altruistic and less impulsive than scroungers. Knowing more about social strategies and producers' characteristics could help develop substance abuse prevention programs.
物质使用障碍（SUD）与高昂的刑事司法成本、昂贵的医疗保健、社会功能受损以及决策缺陷有关。在非社会决策任务中，患有物质使用障碍的人比对照组更容易冒险并选择即时的小奖励。然而，很少有研究探讨患有物质使用障碍的人在社会决策情境中的行为表现，在这种情境中，资源和收益直接取决于参与者的实时互动，即社会觅食情境。为了填补这一空白，我们开发了一项实时互动任务，以（a）比较患有物质使用障碍的参与者和对照组中生产者（倾向于寻找食物来源的个体）和偷窃者（倾向于偷窃或加入先前发现的食物来源的个体）的比例，这是根据速率最大化模型预测的最优行为；（b）探索社会觅食策略、亲社会行为和冲动性之间的关系。在这里，患有物质使用障碍的参与者（n = 20）和非使用者对照组（n = 20）参与了瓜伊马斯觅食任务（GFT）、社会折扣任务（SD）和延迟折扣任务（DD）。我们发现，与药物滥用者组相比，对照组的参与者倾向于更多地生产并获得更高的利润。此外，无论哪一组，偷窃者的SD和DD率都高于生产者。我们的结果表明，生产者往往比偷窃者更利他且更不易冲动。更多地了解社会策略和生产者的特征有助于制定药物滥用预防计划。
