Scott Anne M, Johnson Nicholas S, Siefkes Michael J, Li Weiming
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI 49759, USA.
iScience. 2023 Aug 26;26(10):107744. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107744. eCollection 2023 Oct 20.
Sex pheromones impart maximal attraction when their components are present at optimal ratios that confer balanced olfactory inputs in potential mates. Altering ratios or adding pheromone analogs to optimal mixtures may disrupt balanced olfactory antagonism and result in reduced attraction, however, tests in natural populations are lacking. We tested this hypothesis in sea lamprey (), a fish whose male sex pheromone attracts females when two critical components, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) and petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), are present at certain ratios. Here, we report a pheromone analog, petromyzonol tetrasulfate (3sPZS), reduced female attraction to 3kPZS but not to PZS. 3sPZS mixed with additional PZS synergistically disrupted female attraction to the male pheromone and reduced spawning by 97% in a high-density population. Our results provide evidence of balanced olfactory antagonism in a vertebrate and establish a tactic to disrupt spawning of sea lamprey, a destructive invader of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
当性信息素的成分以最佳比例存在时，能产生最大吸引力，这种比例能使潜在配偶获得平衡的嗅觉输入。然而，改变比例或向最佳混合物中添加信息素类似物可能会破坏平衡的嗅觉拮抗作用，导致吸引力降低，不过目前缺乏在自然种群中的测试。我们在海七鳃鳗中验证了这一假设，海七鳃鳗是一种鱼类，其雄性性信息素在两种关键成分3 - 酮基硫酸七鳃鳗醇（3kPZS）和硫酸七鳃鳗醇（PZS）以特定比例存在时会吸引雌性。在此，我们报告一种信息素类似物，四硫酸七鳃鳗醇（3sPZS），它降低了雌性对3kPZS的吸引力，但对PZS没有影响。在高密度种群中，3sPZS与额外的PZS混合协同破坏了雌性对雄性信息素的吸引力，并使产卵量减少了97%。我们的结果为脊椎动物中平衡的嗅觉拮抗作用提供了证据，并确立了一种破坏海七鳃鳗产卵的策略，海七鳃鳗是北美五大湖的一种具有破坏性的入侵物种。
