小麦季有机肥添加对轮作体系中后茬玉米季土壤功能及产量的微生物共生网络的遗留效应。

Legacy effects of wheat season organic fertilizer addition on microbial co-occurrence networks, soil function, and yield of the subsequent maize season in a wheat-maize rotation system.

机构信息

Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

出版信息

J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 1;347:119160. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119160. Epub 2023 Oct 9.

DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119160

PMID:37812905

Abstract

Organic fertilizer can alleviate soil degradation. While numerous studies have explored the immediate impacts of organic fertilizer on soil properties and crop production, the legacy effects of organic fertilizer addition remain less understood. This research investigated the subsequent effects of organic fertilizer addition during the winter wheat season on soil microbial community structure, co-occurrence networks, soil function, and summer maize yield from 2018 to 2020. Six fertilization treatments were implemented as chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N) alone or combined sheep manure and nitrogen fertilizer (SMN) at low, medium, and high fertilization levels during the winter wheat season, with only N fertilizer applied during the maize season. The findings revealed significant variations in bacterial and fungal community structures between the SMN and N treatments. The SMN treatments increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and decreased the relative abundance of Rokubacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae compared to the N treatment. The SMN treatments had higher fungal network connectivity and lower mean path distance and modularity than the N treatment, resulting in heightened sensitivity of fungi to environmental changes. The legacy effects of organic fertilizer changed the functional potential of the N and C cycles, with keystone taxa such as Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroides, and Ascomycota significantly correlating with functional genes related to the C and N cycles. Surprisingly, no significant differences in summer maize yield occurred between the SMN and N treatments. However, the random forest model revealed that the SMN treatments had significantly higher explanatory power of soil microbial community structure for maize yield (74.31%) than the N treatment (13.07%). These results were corroborated in subsequent studies and underscore the legacy effects of organic fertilizer addition on soil microbial communities. This research offers valuable insights into organic fertilizer use for enhancing soil quality and sustaining agricultural productivity.

摘要

有机肥可以缓解土壤退化。虽然大量研究探讨了有机肥对土壤性质和作物生产的直接影响，但对有机肥添加的遗留效应了解较少。本研究调查了 2018 年至 2020 年冬小麦季有机肥添加对土壤微生物群落结构、共生网络、土壤功能和夏玉米产量的后续影响。共设置了 6 种施肥处理，即单独施用化学氮肥（N）或在冬小麦季低、中、高肥水平下同时施用羊粪和氮肥（SMN），夏玉米季仅施 N 肥。结果表明，SMN 和 N 处理之间的细菌和真菌群落结构存在显著差异。与 N 处理相比，SMN 处理增加了变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度，降低了 Rokubacteria、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、绿弯菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度。SMN 处理的真菌网络连通性较高，平均路径距离和模块性较低，表明真菌对环境变化的敏感性较高。有机肥的遗留效应改变了氮和碳循环的功能潜力，优势类群如变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、拟杆菌门和子囊菌门与与碳和氮循环相关的功能基因显著相关。令人惊讶的是，SMN 和 N 处理之间夏玉米产量没有显著差异。然而，随机森林模型显示，SMN 处理对玉米产量的土壤微生物群落结构具有显著更高的解释能力（74.31%），而 N 处理为 13.07%。这些结果在后续研究中得到了验证，并强调了有机肥添加对土壤微生物群落的遗留效应。本研究为利用有机肥提高土壤质量和维持农业生产力提供了有价值的见解。