Goodwin B F, Roberts D W
Food Chem Toxicol. 1986 Jun-Jul;24(6-7):795-8. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(86)90188-2.
Skin sensitization by simple chemicals involves reaction with nucleophilic groups on skin proteins or possibly on proteins in cell membranes to form haptenic groups, which act as allergenic determinants. A quantitative model for sensitization by 'alkylating agents', the RAI (Relative Alkylation Index) theory, has been devised and applied to the sensitization observed with three model series of compounds--p-nitrobenzyl halides and saturated and unsaturated sultones. Examination of chemical structures, and predictions of the types of chemical reaction that substances may undergo, can be used to assess the likely reactivity of unknown materials towards skin proteins. In addition such examinations of structure may be used to assess the likely cross-reactivity of materials. The pro-hapten concept of Dupuis & Benezra (Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Simple Chemicals. A Molecular Approach. Marcel Dekker, New York) offers an explanation for the sensitization potential of substances that do not contain chemically reactive groups prior to in vivo conversion and for cross-reactions between apparently unrelated chemicals.
简单化学物质引起的皮肤致敏反应涉及与皮肤蛋白质或可能与细胞膜中的蛋白质上的亲核基团发生反应，形成半抗原基团，这些半抗原基团充当变应原决定簇。已设计出一种用于“烷基化剂”致敏作用的定量模型，即相对烷基化指数（RAI）理论，并将其应用于观察到的三个化合物模型系列（对硝基苄基卤化物以及饱和和不饱和磺内酯）的致敏作用。对化学结构的研究以及对物质可能发生的化学反应类型的预测，可用于评估未知材料对皮肤蛋白质的可能反应性。此外，这种结构研究可用于评估材料的可能交叉反应性。Dupuis和Benezra提出的前半抗原概念（《对简单化学物质的过敏性接触性皮炎。分子方法》。马塞尔·德克尔出版社，纽约）为在体内转化之前不含化学反应性基团的物质的致敏潜力以及明显不相关的化学物质之间的交叉反应提供了解释。
