Prone-Olazabal Denisse, Davies Ian, González-Galarza Faviel Francisco
Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico.
Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, The Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023 Dec;21(10):545-560. doi: 10.1089/met.2023.0125. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias and whose inter-related occurrence may increase the odds of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. MetS has become one of the most studied conditions, nevertheless, due to its complex etiology, this has not been fully elucidated. Recent evidence describes that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role on its development. With the advent of genomic-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained special importance. In this review, we present an update of the genetics surrounding MetS as a single entity as well as its corresponding risk factors, considering SNPs and gene-diet interactions related to cardiometabolic markers. In this study, we focus on the conceptual aspects, diagnostic criteria, as well as the role of genetics, particularly on SNPs and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for interindividual analysis. In addition, this review highlights future perspectives of personalized nutrition with regard to the approach of MetS and how individualized multiomics approaches could improve the current outlook.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一组心脏代谢危险因素，包括中心性肥胖、高血糖、高血压和血脂异常，这些因素相互关联的发生可能会增加患2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的几率。尽管代谢综合征已成为研究最多的病症之一，但由于其病因复杂，尚未完全阐明。最近的证据表明，遗传和环境因素在其发展中都起着重要作用。随着全基因组关联研究的出现，单核苷酸多态性（SNP）变得尤为重要。在本综述中，我们考虑与心脏代谢标志物相关的SNP和基因-饮食相互作用，对围绕代谢综合征这一单一实体及其相应危险因素的遗传学进行了更新。在本研究中，我们关注概念方面、诊断标准以及遗传学的作用，特别是用于个体间分析的SNP和多基因风险评分（PRS）。此外，本综述强调了个性化营养在代谢综合征治疗方法方面的未来前景，以及个体化多组学方法如何改善当前的前景。
